Persistence of 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene in the environment

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dc.contributor.authorChristian, Olivia
dc.contributor.authorSpencer, Michael
dc.contributor.authorLadyman, Melissa
dc.contributor.authorPersico, Federica
dc.contributor.authorGutierrez-Carazo, Encina
dc.contributor.authorKadansky, Evie
dc.contributor.authorTemple, Tracey
dc.date.accessioned2023-10-30T15:53:58Z
dc.date.available2023-10-30T15:53:58Z
dc.date.issued2023-10-13
dc.description.abstract2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TATB) is an Insensitive High Explosive (IHE) that is increasingly being used as a safer alternative to traditional energetic materials. However, the high thermal stability of TATB poses challenges for its disposal, particularly through existing open burning methods and its ability to remain in the environment for long period of time. Therefore, this study investigated the persistence of TATB in the environment by conducting small-scale experiments which were designed to examine the resistance of TATB to open burning and to assess unburnt residues. To evaluate the fate and transport of the unburnt materials in soil, laboratory-scale soil column transport studies were conducted to gauge the movement of TATB through soil. The results indicate that TATB exhibits a high resistance to burning, leaving unburnt materials that can persist in soil. The study emphasizes the importance of efficient disposal methods for explosives and highlights the need for further research to understand the environmental impact and toxicity of TATB.en_UK
dc.identifier.citationChristian O, Spencer M, Ladyman M, et al., (2023) Persistence of 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene in the environment. Environmental Research, Volume 239, Part 1, December 2023, Article number 117378en_UK
dc.identifier.issn0013-9351
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2023.117378
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/20468
dc.language.isoenen_UK
dc.publisherElsevieren_UK
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 International*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/*
dc.subjectTATBen_UK
dc.subjectInsensitive high explosiveen_UK
dc.subjectOpen burningen_UK
dc.subjectSoil columnsen_UK
dc.subjectDisposal methodsen_UK
dc.titlePersistence of 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene in the environmenten_UK
dc.typeArticleen_UK

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