Insights into Alternaria in apple fruit causing mouldy core, external infection and mycotoxin production under retail and storage conditions

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dc.contributor.authorPavicich, María Agustina
dc.contributor.authorMaldonado, María Luisa
dc.contributor.authorNguyen, Truong Nhat
dc.contributor.authorDe Boevre, Marthe
dc.contributor.authorDe Saeger, Sarah
dc.contributor.authorPatriarca, Andrea
dc.date.accessioned2025-06-05T13:25:31Z
dc.date.available2025-06-05T13:25:31Z
dc.date.freetoread2025-06-05
dc.date.issued2025-08-02
dc.date.pubOnline2025-05-17
dc.description.abstractApple fruit is widely consumed worldwide, but fungal contamination in the postharvest stage presents a significant food safety concern. This study evaluates the production and accumulation of Alternaria mycotoxins, including alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethyl-ether (AME), and the modified forms (AOH-3-S, AME-3-S, AOH-3-G, AME-3-G), altenuene (ALT), tenuazonic acid (TeA), tentoxin (TEN), altertoxin I and II (ATX[sbnd]I, ATX-II), in Red Delicious apples under simulated retail and post-harvest conditions. Three Alternaria tenuissima strains (isolates 02, 31 and 36) were inoculated in apple fruit at two sites separately (core and exterior) and incubated at two temperatures (25 °C and 4 °C) for 1 and 9 months. Mycotoxin production was quantified using LC-MS/MS, revealing significant variability across strains and conditions. Isolates 02 and 36 exhibited significant temperature and site-dependent variability in mycotoxin production. Higher levels of AOH, AME, ALT, and ATX-I were produced at 25 °C and in the core. Long-term cold storage delayed fungal growth but did not prevent mycotoxin accumulation, raising concerns about the safety of processed apple products. These findings highlight the need for stricter monitoring of mycotoxins during post-harvest storage to mitigate health risks. The findings provide insights into their toxigenic capacity in vivo and highlight potential risks for food safety.
dc.description.journalNameInternational Journal of Food Microbiology
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work was supported by by MYTOX-SOUTH®, Universidad de Buenos Aires [UBACyT 2018, 20020170100094BA], Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (ANPCyT), Argentina [PICT-2017-0907] and Subsidio para investigadores en formación de la Universidad de Buenos Aires 2020.
dc.format.mediumPrint-Electronic
dc.identifier.citationPavicich MA, Maldonado ML, Nguyen TN, et al., (2025) Insights into Alternaria in apple fruit causing mouldy core, external infection and mycotoxin production under retail and storage conditions. International Journal of Food Microbiology, Volume 439, August 2025, Article number 111272en_UK
dc.identifier.eissn1879-3460
dc.identifier.elementsID673312
dc.identifier.issn0168-1605
dc.identifier.paperNo111272
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2025.111272
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/23983
dc.identifier.volumeNo439
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherElsevieren_UK
dc.publisher.urihttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016816052500217X?via%3Dihub
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subject30 Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciencesen_UK
dc.subject3006 Food Sciencesen_UK
dc.subject3008 Horticultural Productionen_UK
dc.subjectInfectious Diseasesen_UK
dc.subject2.2 Factors relating to the physical environmenten_UK
dc.subjectFood safetyen_UK
dc.subjectMycotoxinsen_UK
dc.subjectPome fruiten_UK
dc.subjectPostharvesten_UK
dc.subjectStorageen_UK
dc.subjectMicrobiologyen_UK
dc.titleInsights into Alternaria in apple fruit causing mouldy core, external infection and mycotoxin production under retail and storage conditionsen_UK
dc.typeArticle
dc.type.subtypeJournal Article
dcterms.dateAccepted2025-05-14

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