Assessment of silt from sand and gravel processing as a suitable sub-soil material in land restoration: A glasshouse study

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dc.contributor.author Mašková, Lucie
dc.contributor.author Simmons, Robert W.
dc.contributor.author De Baets, Sarah
dc.contributor.author Montero, Moran
dc.contributor.author Delmer, Aude
dc.contributor.author Sakrabani, Ruben
dc.date.accessioned 2018-12-07T14:21:54Z
dc.date.available 2018-12-07T14:21:54Z
dc.date.issued 2018-12-01
dc.identifier.citation Mašková L, Simmons RW, De Baets S, et al. (2019) Assessment of silt from sand and gravel processing as a suitable sub-soil material in land restoration: A glasshouse study. Chemosphere, Volume 219, March 2019, pp. 58-65 en_UK
dc.identifier.issn 0045-6535
dc.identifier.uri https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.155
dc.identifier.uri http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/13705
dc.description.abstract Annually, sand and gravel processing generates approximately 20 million tonnes of non-commercial by-product as fine silt particles (<63 μm) which constitutes approximately 20% of quarry production in the UK. This study is significant as it investigated the use of quarry silt as a sub-soil medium to partially substitute soil-forming materials whilst facilitating successful post-restoration crop establishment. In a glasshouse pot experiment, top-soil and sub-soil layering was simulated, generating an artificial sub-soil medium by mixing two quarry non-commercial by-products, i.e. silt and overburden. These were blended in three ratios (100:0, 70:30, 50:50). Pots were packed to two bulk densities (1.3 and 1.5 g cm-3) and sown with three cover crops used in the early restoration process namely winter rye (Secale cereale), white mustard (Sinapis alba) and a grassland seed mixture (Lolium perenne, Phleum pratense, Poa pratensis, Festuca rubra). Three weeks into growth, the first signs of nitrogen (N) deficiency were observed in mustard plants, with phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) deficiencies observed at 35 days. Rye exhibited minor N deficiency symptoms four weeks into growth, whilst the grassland mixture showed no deficiency symptoms. The 70:30 silt:overburden sub-soil blend resulted in significantly higher Root Mass Densities of grassland seed mixture and rye in the sub-soil layer as compared with the other blends. The innovation in this work is the detailed physical, chemical and biological characterisation of silt:overburden blends and effects on root development of plants commonly used in early restoration to bio-engineer soil structural improvements. en_UK
dc.language.iso en en_UK
dc.publisher Elsevier en_UK
dc.rights Attribution 4.0 International *
dc.rights.uri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ *
dc.subject Quarry silt en_UK
dc.subject Cover crops en_UK
dc.subject Restoration en_UK
dc.subject Root mass density en_UK
dc.subject Nutrients en_UK
dc.title Assessment of silt from sand and gravel processing as a suitable sub-soil material in land restoration: A glasshouse study en_UK
dc.type Article en_UK


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