Assessment of silt from sand and gravel processing as a suitable sub-soil material in land restoration: A glasshouse study

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dc.contributor.authorMašková, Lucie
dc.contributor.authorSimmons, Robert W.
dc.contributor.authorDe Baets, Sarah
dc.contributor.authorMontero, Moran
dc.contributor.authorDelmer, Aude
dc.contributor.authorSakrabani, Ruben
dc.date.accessioned2018-12-07T14:21:54Z
dc.date.available2018-12-07T14:21:54Z
dc.date.issued2018-12-01
dc.description.abstractAnnually, sand and gravel processing generates approximately 20 million tonnes of non-commercial by-product as fine silt particles (<63 μm) which constitutes approximately 20% of quarry production in the UK. This study is significant as it investigated the use of quarry silt as a sub-soil medium to partially substitute soil-forming materials whilst facilitating successful post-restoration crop establishment. In a glasshouse pot experiment, top-soil and sub-soil layering was simulated, generating an artificial sub-soil medium by mixing two quarry non-commercial by-products, i.e. silt and overburden. These were blended in three ratios (100:0, 70:30, 50:50). Pots were packed to two bulk densities (1.3 and 1.5 g cm-3) and sown with three cover crops used in the early restoration process namely winter rye (Secale cereale), white mustard (Sinapis alba) and a grassland seed mixture (Lolium perenne, Phleum pratense, Poa pratensis, Festuca rubra). Three weeks into growth, the first signs of nitrogen (N) deficiency were observed in mustard plants, with phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) deficiencies observed at 35 days. Rye exhibited minor N deficiency symptoms four weeks into growth, whilst the grassland mixture showed no deficiency symptoms. The 70:30 silt:overburden sub-soil blend resulted in significantly higher Root Mass Densities of grassland seed mixture and rye in the sub-soil layer as compared with the other blends. The innovation in this work is the detailed physical, chemical and biological characterisation of silt:overburden blends and effects on root development of plants commonly used in early restoration to bio-engineer soil structural improvements.en_UK
dc.identifier.citationMašková L, Simmons RW, De Baets S, et al. (2019) Assessment of silt from sand and gravel processing as a suitable sub-soil material in land restoration: A glasshouse study. Chemosphere, Volume 219, March 2019, pp. 58-65en_UK
dc.identifier.issn0045-6535
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.155
dc.identifier.urihttp://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/13705
dc.language.isoenen_UK
dc.publisherElsevieren_UK
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 International*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/*
dc.subjectQuarry silten_UK
dc.subjectCover cropsen_UK
dc.subjectRestorationen_UK
dc.subjectRoot mass densityen_UK
dc.subjectNutrientsen_UK
dc.titleAssessment of silt from sand and gravel processing as a suitable sub-soil material in land restoration: A glasshouse studyen_UK
dc.typeArticleen_UK

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