DSDS 18
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Item Open Access Neutrinos for Non-Proliferation(Cranfield University, 2018-11-15 11:26) Kneale, ElisabethTechnical paper presented at the 2018 Defence and Security Doctoral Symposium.Identifying the existence of a clandestine reactor in a complex nuclear landscape for nuclear threat reduction is challenging. WATCHMAN will demonstrate for the first time the feasibility of detecting the signal from a hidden reactor against the background of a second reactor. A kilotonne-scale detector to be built underground in the Boulby Mine in North Yorkshire, WATCHMAN will detect antineutrinos - the unshieldable by-product of radioactive decay in a nuclear reactor.A WATCHMAN-style detector could be used remotely as part of a non-proliferation agreement and WATCHMAN offers a unique opportunity to develop reactor antineutrino detection technology for non-proliferation and beyond.Such a detector will out of necessity operate at long range, often at the very limit of its sensitivity, and so minimising backgrounds is essential. Photomultipliers (PMTs) detect light from antineutrino interactions in the detector however accidental coincidences from the decay of radioactive isotopes in PMT glass mimic the antineutrino signal and are one of the principle sources of backgrounds for the experiment.This paper presents an analytical method for optimising the signal-to-background ratio in the experimental results and uses it to compare the relative benefits of different PMT types. It is found that while the optimal detector design uses 10” low radioactivity glass PMTs, the potentially stronger and more readily available 12” standard-glass PMTs can give comparable results due to the improvement in the precision with which we can identify exactly where in the detector an event has occurred. This result is sensitively dependent on the dark noise rate in the tubes due to its effect on reconstruction at lower energiesItem Open Access Trust in Automation: A Qualitative Study of Behaviour and Attitudes Towards Emerging Technology in Military Culture(Cranfield University, 2018-11-27 14:51) Field, MeganTechnical paper presented at the 2018 Defence and Security Doctoral Symposium.Trust is often explored as a determinant of appropriate automation usage and reliance. Despite the wealth of research into the antecedents, decision making and cognitive factors to facilitate human-automation interaction, internal factors that influence dispositional trust, are often underrepresented. High speciality and criticality domains characterise the most researched areas in this field, however, there are minimal studies exploring organisational culture, such as within the military, and their effect on trust in automation. The research seeks to explore the dominant narratives of differing echelons of the military (ground, air, surface and subsurface) through responsive interviewing and examining the unique culture borne of strong hierarchical order, regulations and training in parallel to civilians. Furthermore, within the larger scope, submarine culture is psychosocially distinctive due to the environmental constraints of active duty, such as the isolation and restrictions incurred by lengthy operational deployment. Due to this seclusion, submarine life is often distinct from other strata owing to the weight of human-human trust and kinship placed on the personnel over automated teammates (e.g., decision making software). The research plans to delve into the experiences of this idiosyncratic workforce and others to explore how service potentially alters their views and experience of human-automation/system interactions and whether underlying skepticisms, expertise or training play a part in their worldview.Item Open Access Utilising Synthetic Aperture Radar Data-dome Collections for Building Feature Analysis(Cranfield University, 2018-11-15 13:15) Corbett, BrandonTechnical paper presented at the 2018 Defence and Security Doctoral Symposium.Low-frequency synthetic aperture radar (LF-SAR) is a remote sensing measurement technique that can aid in covert intelligence gathering capabilities for detecting concealed targets in building, and obscured phenomena in general. The Airbus Defence and Space Ltd LF-SAR data dome project has provided a coherently collected three-dimensional data set using airborne circular SAR (CSAR) trajectories, with the potential of providing volumetric SAR imagery of obscured regions inside buildings. Preliminary results of this collection are presented. Both the linear strip-map and CSAR datasets provided contain a great deal of information. Early results show promise, but have revealed the fundamental challenge with low-frequency remote sensing, that being the presence of radio-frequency interference, which reduces the quality of SAR image products.