Automotive, Energy and Photonics engineering

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Browsing Automotive, Energy and Photonics engineering by Publisher "MDPI"

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    Hydrodynamic modeling of unstretched length variations in nonlinear catenary mooring systems for floating PV installations in small Indonesian Islands
    (MDPI, 2025-06-01) Jifaturrohman, Mohammad Izzuddin; Utama, I Ketut Aria Pria; Putranto, Teguh; Setyawan, Dony; Suastika, I Ketut; Sujiatanti, Septia Hardy; Satrio, Dendy; Hayati, Noorlaila; Huang, Luofeng
    Floating photovoltaic (FPV) systems offer a promising renewable energy solution, particularly for coastal waters. This preliminary numerical study proposes a single-array pentamaran configuration designed to maximize panel installation and enhance stability by reducing rolling motion. The study investigates the effect of mooring length on the motion behavior of FPV systems and actual line tension using the Boundary Element Method (BEM) in both frequency and time domains under irregular wave conditions. The results demonstrate that the mooring system significantly reduces all horizontal motion displacements, with reductions exceeding 90%. Even with a reduction of up to 51% in the unstretched mooring length, from the original design (304.53 m) to the shortest alternative (154.53 m), the motion response shows minimal change. This is supported by RMSE values of only 0.01 m/m for surge, 0.02 m/m for sway, and 0.09 deg/m for yaw. In the time-domain response, the shortened mooring line demonstrates improved motion performance. This improvement comes with the consequence of stronger nonlinearity in restoring forces and stiffness, resulting in higher peak tensions of up to 15.79 kN. Despite this increase, all configurations remain within the allowable tension limit of 30.69 kN, indicating that the FPV’s system satisfies safety criteria.
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    Lane centerline extraction based on surveyed boundaries: an efficient approach using maximal disks
    (MDPI, 2025-04-18) Yin, Chenhui; Cecotti, Marco; Auger, Daniel J.; Fotouhi, Abbas; Jiang, Haobin
    Maps of road layouts play an essential role in autonomous driving, and it is often advantageous to represent them in a compact form, using a sparse set of surveyed points of the lane boundaries. While lane centerlines are valuable references in the prediction and planning of trajectories, most centerline extraction methods only achieve satisfactory accuracy with high computational cost and limited performance in sparsely described scenarios. This paper explores the problem of centerline extraction based on a sparse set of border points, evaluating the performance of different approaches on both a self-created and a public dataset, and proposing a novel method to extract the lane centerline by searching and linking the internal maximal circles along the lane. Compared with other centerline extraction methods producing similar numbers of center points, the proposed approach is significantly more accurate: in our experiments, based on a self-created dataset of road layouts, it achieves a max deviation below 0.15 m and an overall RMSE less than 0.01 m, against the respective values of 1.7 m and 0.35 m for a popular approach based on Voronoi tessellation, and 1 m and 0.25 m for an alternative approach based on distance transform.
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    Thermal modelling and temperature estimation of a cylindrical lithium iron phosphate cell subjected to an automotive duty cycle
    (MDPI, 2025-03-22) Achanta, Simha Sreekar; Fotouhi, Abbas; Zhang, Hanwen; Auger, Daniel J.
    Li ion batteries are emerging as the mainstream source for propulsion in the automotive industry. Subjecting a battery to extreme conditions of charging and discharging can negatively impact its performance and reduce its cycle life. Assessing a battery’s electrical and thermal behaviour is critical in the later stages of developing battery management systems (BMSs). The present study aims at the thermal modelling of a 3.3 Ah cylindrical 26650 lithium iron phosphate cell using ANSYS 2024 R1 software. The modelling phase involves iterating two geometries of the cell design to evaluate the cell’s surface temperature. The multi-scale multi-domain solution method, coupled with the equivalent circuit model (ECM) solver, is used to determine the temperature characteristics of the cell. Area-weighted average values of the temperature are obtained using a homogeneous and isotropic assembly. A differential equation is implemented to estimate the temperature due to the electrochemical reactions and potential differences. During the discharge tests, the cell is subjected to a load current emulating the Worldwide Harmonised Light Vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP). The results from the finite element model indicate strikingly similar trends in temperature variations to the ones obtained from the experimental tests.