Browsing by Author "Mirzania, Pegah"

Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
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    Barriers to powering past coal: implications for a just energy transition in South Africa
    (Elsevier, 2023-05-25) Mirzania, Pegah; Gordon, Joel A.; Balta-Ozkan, Nazmiye; Sayan, Ramazan Caner; Marais, Lochner
    The feasibility of South Africa's just energy transition, as dictated by the speed of phasing out coal and scaling up renewables, will rest on a range of techno-economic, socio-political, and socio-technical factors. Interactions between these dimensions of the transition carry significant implications for energy justice. In response, this paper proposes the Just Transition Feasibility Framework (JTFF) to better evaluate how feasibility constraints may impact South Africa's energy transition ambitions, and its more recent commitments to energy justice. Drawing on qualitative findings from interviews with South African energy experts, the study provides critical insights on the national- and community-scale implications of current energy policies. The analysis highlights socio-political constraints related to the Renewable Independent Power Producer Programme (REI4P) which aggravate energy vulnerabilities and misrecognition of places. In addition to strategically tackling a range of techno-economic and socio-technical constraints which are seen to exacerbate distributive injustice, the South African government should extend the 50 km radius scheme of the REI4P to a wider and more inclusive regional basis. Foremost, policy interventions must seek to realign South Africa's Minerals Energy Complex towards a just transition pathway committed to renewable electrification, community empowerment, and sustainable socio-economic structures.
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    An innovative viable model for community-owned solar PV projects without FIT: comprehensive techno-economic assessment
    (Elsevier, 2020-09-06) Mirzania, Pegah; Balta-Ozkan, Nazmiye; Ford, Andy
    The progressive withdrawal of the Feed-in-Tariff provided by the UK government has left community-owned solar photovoltaic projects facing significant financial challenges. They urgently need to develop alternative business models that will enable them to develop new projects and recuperate their costs in this post-subsidy era. One promising possibility is the incorporation of storage technology. However, currently it cannot be denied that the financial viability of this type of model is in question. This paper investigates whether and how integrated solar and battery storage system would be financially viable, using the System Advisor Model as a simulation tool to conduct techno-economic analyses. This paper proposes an innovative model designated as, the ‘Community-owned Energy Storage’ model. This model proposes that community-owned solar projects should sell their locally generated electricity under a Time of Use Power Purchase Agreement (TOU PPA). Results demonstrated under the developed model of community-owned solar projects can fully restore the economic viability and become financially attractive if they could utilise a combination of TOU PPA and demand-side response (DSR) services. This paper, therefore, recommends that the UK government should promote and facilitate the TOU PPA and encourage suppliers to involve local energy projects within the provision of DSR
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    One technology, two pathways? Strategic Niche Management and the diverging diffusion of concentrated solar power in South Africa and the United States
    (Elsevier, 2020-08-14) Mirzania, Pegah; Balta-Ozkan, Nazmiye; Marais, Lochner
    The transition towards a low carbon energy system requires significant deployment of renewable energy technologies. Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) plants could contribute to a low carbon energy system, with an estimated potential global capacity of over 600 GW by 2030. Despite this potential, however, the CSP industry lags behind other renewable technologies, with only about 4% of its estimated global potential expected to be realised in the next decade. This paper investigates the reasons for this by comparing CSP in the US, where 60% of worldwide capacity is currently located, with South Africa, where its development has been slow despite an abundance of natural solar-energy resources. Using strategic niche management analysis, we identify replicable success factors that could accelerate the uptake of CSP projects in developing countries. The results reveal that the main reason for the successful diffusion and adoption of CSP in the US is consistent policy support, which has made it possible to bridge the gap between research and development and emerge in the market. By contrast, the development of CSP in South Africa has been hindered by several technical and economic problems, including a lack of technological expertise, resources and funding
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    Optimising residential electricity demands through innovative demand side management strategies in Nigeria
    (Cranfield University, 2023-10) Usman, Rilwan; Long, Chao; Mirzania, Pegah; Hart, Phil
    The Nigerian power supply faces significant shortages, resulting in frequent nationwide power outages, load shedding and severe energy crises. The country relies heavily on a centralised energy mix, primarily comprising gas-fired power plants with a capacity of 10.6 Giga Watt (GW) and hydropower with a capacity of 1.9 GW. Despite having a total installed capacity of 12.5 GW, only around 4 GW actually reaches end consumers. This is mainly due to limited transmission infrastructure, inadequate distribution facilities, poor metering, inadequate fuel supply, lack of market competition and inadequate management of energy resources. Innovative demand side management (DSM) strategies are required to optimise electricity demands at customer ends to improve the power supply in Nigeria. This thesis develops an innovative DSM method of utilising direct load control (DLC), acting as a mandatory operational strategy for regional residential grids, as opposed to traditional approach of load shedding. The proposed DLC method controls residential loads by classifying loads into three different categories: critical, less critical, and non-critical. The evaluating metrics include energy cost savings and comfort levels of residence (i.e., the length of supply of the critical loads). Furthermore, paper-based surveys are used as the quantitative methods to evaluate the understanding, awareness, and attitude of Nigerian households towards DSM under different representative groups. The survey data are also used to model load profiles, to which the DLC is applied to validate the proposed DLC method. The proposed DLC method was compared with load shedding considering three load shedding scenarios: 1) nobody uses generators during power cut period, 2) running home generators for 4 hours per day during power cut period, and 3) running home generators for 8 hours per day during power cut period. Simulation results showed that, for scenario 1, the proposed DLC method results in a 20% of energy cost saving and a 28% improvement of in comfort level; for scenario 2, the proposed DLC method results in an 87% decrease in household expenditure and a 5% decrease in comfort level, and for scenario 3, the proposed DLC method results in a 93% energy cost saving but a 39% decrease in comfort level. The study shows that households with the post-paid billing systems are less responsive to the DSM approach. However, the proposed DLC strategy results in higher cost savings on the post- paid billing systems (23%) than the pre-paid billing systems (17%), both compared to the load shedding approach. Households working in the public sector who use the pre-paid billing system have proven to be the most effective target group for implementing DSM. This is because these households consume 23% more energy on average compared to other representative household groups. This research presents an innovative DLC method designed to enhance power supply in residential grids, providing an alternative to load shedding in developing countries. Additionally, it utilises a methodology that involves gathering data through paper-based surveys to construct electricity demand profiles, establishing a numerical dataset for future DSM studies. The research findings reveal that the proposed DLC method not only lowers energy expenses but also improve overall household comfort and quality of life.
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    Post subsidy conditions: evaluating the techno-economic performance of concentrating solar power in Spai
    (Elsevier, 2021-03-21) Parent, Pierre-Antoine; Mirzania, Pegah; Balta-Ozkan, Nazmiye; King, Peter
    Spain is one of the front runners of the development of Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) projects. In recent years, however, the CSP industry in Spain has faced significant financial challenges due to a dramatic withdrawal of the Feed-in-Tariff (FIT) in 2013. The primary aim of this paper is to assess when, and under what conditions, CSP projects, in particular, Parabolic Trough Collectors can potentially reach grid parity in the absence of any subsidies. This paper also goes further to investigate whether and how Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC) projects can be financially viable in the post-subsidy period, using the System Advisor Model as a simulation tool to conduct techno-economic analyses. The simulation results indicated that a 50MWe PTC project with TES of 4 hours and a PPA price of €0.20 per kWh is the most viable model for developing CSP projects in Spain under post-subsidy condition. This paper concludes that, under current retail electricity prices and post-subsidy conditions, PTC projects can reach grid parity and become viable without direct incentives. Even though direct policy support will not be required, the CSP industry in Spain is still far from becoming fully self-sustained.
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    Renewable energy, social disruption and formalising the social licence to operate in South Africa
    (Wiley, 2023-07-16) Mabele, Bernard; Marais, Lochner; Balta-Ozkan, Nazmiye; Mirzania, Pegah; Mbobo, Babalwa; van der Watt, Phia; Cloete, Jan; Venter, Anita
    A social licence to operate and corporate social responsibility are often applied voluntarily to ensure a positive relationship between businesses and communities. But South Africa's Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Programme makes investment in local socio-economic development a contractual obligation. To assess the implications of this legalised approach to CSR and the social licence to operate, between September 2019 and January 2020 we conducted seven focus group discussions and 24 key informant interviews in two towns in South Africa's Northern Cape province. The data were analysed thematically and triangulated with data on crime, municipal finance and house prices. Our concerns about the legalised approach are that it does not require local consent; it reduces local development to a needs analysis; it does not require local collaborative planning, despite adverse consequences such as social disruption; it bypasses local organisation and accountability; it does not provide cheaper local electricity; and it offers no guidelines for decommissioning.
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    Systematic review of demand-side management strategies in power systems of developed and developing countries
    (MDPI, 2022-10-23) Usman, Rilwan; Mirzania, Pegah; Alnaser, Sahban W.; Hart, Phil; Long, Chao
    Balancing electricity demand and supply remains a significant challenge for the power systems in developing countries, such as Nigeria. In Nigeria, there is a shortage of adequate power supply, and demand-side management (DSM) plays a minor role in the power balancing mechanism with load shedding being widely used. The paper aims to review and compare various existing and emerging DSM strategies in developing countries. An extensive and systematic review was conducted to evaluate potential solutions using DSM to increase the overall energy efficiency in the Nigerian electricity market. This study found that, although the technical and economic potentials of DSM vary in developed countries, the uptakes of DSM have been severely hampered hence preventing the full exploitation and utilisation of the full potential of DSM. The initiatives of a DSM model in Nigeria and other developing countries can play a significant role in addressing demand and supply challenges but an upgrade of the energy infrastructures, a reform of the market structure and the provision of financial incentives are required to allow for wide implementations of DSM strategies in developing countries.