Browsing by Author "Kumar, Dinesh"
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Item Open Access Bioactive compounds of edible fruits with their anti-aging properties: a comprehensive review to prolong human life(MDPI, 2020-11-13) Dhalaria, Rajni; Verma, Rachna; Kumar, Dinesh; Puri, Sunil; Tapwal, Ashwani; Kumar, Vinod; Nepovimova, Eugenie; Kuca, KamilAging is a complicated biological process in which functional and structural alterations in a living organism take place over time. Reactive oxygen species is one of the main factors responsible for aging and is associated with several chronic pathologies. The relationship between aging and diet is quite interesting and has attained worldwide attention. Healthy food, in addition to dietary antioxidants, are required to delay the process of aging and improve the quality of life. Many healthy foods such as fruits are a good source of dietary nutrients and natural bioactive compounds which have antioxidant properties and are involved in preventing aging and other age-related disorders. Health benefits linked with healthy consumption of fruit have drawn increased interest. A significant number of studies have documented the advantages of fruit intake, as it suppresses free-radical development that further reduces the oxidative stress created in the body and protects against several types of diseases such as cancer, type 2 diabetes, inflammatory disorders, and other cardiovascular diseases that ultimately prevent aging. In addition, fruits have numerous other properties like anti-inflammatory, anti-cancerous, anti-diabetic, neuroprotective, and have health-promoting effects. Mechanisms of various bioactive compounds that aids in preventing various diseases and increases longevity are also described. This manuscript provides a summary of various bioactive components present in fruits along with their health-promoting and antiaging properties.Item Open Access Detection of bacterial pathogens and antibiotic residues in chicken meat: a review(MDPI, 2020-10-20) Kumar, Harsh; Bhardwaj, Kanchan; Kaur, Talwinder; Nepovimova, Eugenie; Kuča, Kamil; Kumar, Vinod; Bhatia, Shashi Kant; Dhanjal, Daljeet Singh; Chopra, Chirag; Singh, Reena; Guleria, Shivani; Bhalla, Tek Chand; Verma, Rachna; Kumar, DineshDetection of pathogenic microbes as well as antibiotic residues in food animals, especially in chicken, has become a matter of food security worldwide. The association of various pathogenic bacteria in different diseases and selective pressure induced by accumulated antibiotic residue to develop antibiotic resistance is also emerging as the threat to human health. These challenges have made the containment of pathogenic bacteria and early detection of antibiotic residue highly crucial for robust and precise detection. However, the traditional culture-based approaches are well-comprehended for identifying microbes. Nevertheless, because they are inadequate, time-consuming and laborious, these conventional methods are not predominantly used. Therefore, it has become essential to explore alternatives for the easy and robust detection of pathogenic microbes and antibiotic residue in the food source. Presently, different monitoring, as well as detection techniques like PCR-based, assay (nucleic acid)-based, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA)-based, aptamer-based, biosensor-based, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry-based and electronic nose-based methods, have been developed for detecting the presence of bacterial contaminants and antibiotic residues. The current review intends to summarize the different techniques and underline the potential of every method used for the detection of bacterial pathogens and antibiotic residue in chicken meat.Item Open Access Effect on the properties of edible starch-based films by the incorporation of additives: a review(MDPI, 2022-05-13) Singh, Gurvendra Pal; Bangar, Sneh Punia; Yang, Tianxi; Trif, Monica; Kumar, Vinod; Kumar, DineshAt present, people more actively pursuing biodegradable-based food packaging to lower the environmental problems of plastic-based packaging. Starch could become a promising alternative to plastic because of its properties (easily available, nontoxic, tasteless, biodegradable, ecofriendly, and edible). This review article is focused mainly on the impact of the properties of starch-based biodegradable films, such as their thickness, morphology, and optical, water-barrier, mechanical, oxygen-barrier, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties, after the incorporation of additives, and how such films fulfill the demands of the manufacturing of biodegradable and edible food-based film with preferable performance. The incorporation of additives in starch-based films is largely explained by its functioning as a filler, as shown via a reduction in water and oxygen permeability, increased thickness, and better mechanical properties. Additives also showed antimicrobial and antioxidant properties in the films/coatings, which would positively impact the shelf life of coated or wrapped food material.Item Open Access Fruit extract mediated green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles: a new avenue in pomology applications(MDPI, 2020-11-11) Kumar, Harsh; Bhardwaj, Kanchan; Dhanjal, Daljeet Singh; Nepovimova, Eugenie; Șen, Fatih; Regassa, Hailemeleak; Singh, Reena; Verma, Rachna; Kumar, Vinod; Kumar, Dinesh; Bhatia, Shashi Kant; Kuča, KamilFruit extracts have natural bioactive molecules that are known to possess significant therapeutic potential. Traditionally, metallic nanoparticles were synthesized via chemical methods, in which the chemical act as the reducing agent. Later, these traditional metallic nanoparticles emerged as the biological risk, which prompted researchers to explore an eco-friendly approach. There are different eco-friendly methods employed for synthesizing these metallic nanoparticles via the usage of microbes and plants, primarily via fruit extract. These explorations have paved the way for using fruit extracts for developing nanoparticles, as they eliminate the usage of reducing and stabilizing agents. Metallic nanoparticles have gained significant attention, and are used for diverse biological applications. The present review discusses the potential activities of phytochemicals, and it intends to summarize the different metallic nanoparticles synthesized using fruit extracts and their associated pharmacological activities like anti-cancerous, antimicrobial, antioxidant and catalytic efficiencyItem Open Access High level xylitol production by Pichia fermentans using non-detoxified xylose-rich sugarcane bagasse and olive pits hydrolysates(Elsevier, 2021-09-22) Narisetty, Vivek; Castro, Eulogio; Durgapal, Sumit; Coulon, Frederic; Jacob, Samuel; Kumar, Dinesh; Awasthi, Mukesh Kumar; Pant, Kamal Kishore; Parameswaran, Binod; Kumar, VinodHemicellulosic sugars, the overlooked fraction of lignocellulosic residues can serve as potential and cost-effective raw material that can be exploited for xylitol production. Xylitol is a top platform chemical with applications in food and pharmaceutical industries. Sugarcane bagasse (SCB) and olive pits (OP) are the major waste streams from sugar and olive oil industries, respectively. The current study evaluated the potential of Pichia fermentans for manufacturing of xylitol from SCB and OP hydrolysates through co-fermentation strategy. The highest xylitol accumulation was noticed with a glucose and xylose ratio of 1:10 followed by feeding with xylose alone. The fed-batch cultivation using pure xylose, SCB, and OP hydrolysates, resulted in xylitol accumulation of 102.5, 86.6 and 71.9 g/L with conversion yield of 0.78, 0.75 and 0.74 g/g, respectively. The non-pathogenic behaviour and ability to accumulate high xylitol levels from agro-industrial residues demonstrates the potential of P. fermentans as microbial cell factory.Item Open Access Itaconic acid and its applications for textile, pharma and agro-industrial purposes(MDPI, 2022-10-24) Devi, Nisha; Singh, Shubhangi; Manickam, Shivakumar; Cruz-Martins, Natália; Kumar, Vinod; Verma, Rachna; Kumar, DineshItaconic acid (IA) is a well-known bio-based monounsaturated organic acid (C5H6O4), with a white color and crystalline structure. It is widely used in the agro-based, plastics, textile, paint and pharmaceutical sectors, owing to its flexible structure, due to the presence of functional groups with covalent double bonds. IA is an alternative to the petrochemicals acrylic and methacrylic acids. Commercial manufacturing of IA using Aspergillus terreus is more economically effective and feasible, and the Department of Energy (DOE) of the United States added IA under the “top 12” organic chemicals in 2004. This review provides an overview on the synthesis of IA and improvement of its yield by mutagenesis and metabolic engineering of Aspergillus and other fungal strains, along with its wide applications for food, pharmaceutical and textile purposes.Item Unknown Molecular biology interventions for activity improvement and production of industrial enzymes(Elsevier, 2020-12-24) Bhatia, Shashi Kant; Vivek, Narisetty; Kumar, Vinod; Chandel, Neha; Thakur, Meenu; Kumar, Dinesh; Yang, Yung-Hun; Pugazhendhi, Arivalagan; Kumar, GopalakrishnanMetagenomics and directed evolution technology have brought a revolution in search of novel enzymes from extreme environment and improvement of existing enzymes and tuning them towards certain desired properties. Using advanced tools of molecular biology i.e. next generation sequencing, site directed mutagenesis, fusion protein, surface display, etc. now researchers can engineer enzymes for improved activity, stability, and substrate specificity to meet the industrial demand. Although many enzymatic processes have been developed up to industrial scale, still there is a need to overcome limitations of maintaining activity during the catalytic process. In this article recent developments in enzymes industrial applications and advancements in metabolic engineering approaches to improve enzymes efficacy and production are reviewedItem Unknown Plant prebiotics and their role in the amelioration of diseases(MDPI, 2021-03-16) Kaur, Amrit Pal; Bhardwaj, Sonali; Dhanjal, Daljeet Singh; Nepovimova, Eugenie; Cruz-Martins, Natália; Kuča, Kamil; Chopra, Chirag; Singh, Reena; Kumar, Harsh; Șen, Fatih; Kumar, Vinod; Verma, Rachna; Kumar, DineshPrebiotics are either natural or synthetic non-digestible (non-)carbohydrate substances that boost the proliferation of gut microbes. Undigested fructooligosaccharides in the large intestine are utilised by the beneficial microorganisms for the synthesis of short-chain fatty acids for their own growth. Although various food products are now recognized as having prebiotic properties, several others, such as almonds, artichoke, barley, chia seeds, chicory, dandelion greens, flaxseeds, garlic, and oats, are being explored and used as functional foods. Considering the benefits of these prebiotics in mineral absorption, metabolite production, gut microbiota modulation, and in various diseases such as diabetes, allergy, metabolic disorders, and necrotising enterocolitis, increasing attention has been focused on their applications in both food and pharmaceutical industries, although some of these food products are actually used as food supplements. This review aims to highlight the potential and need of these prebiotics in the diet and also discusses data related to the distinct types, sources, modes of action, and health benefits.Item Open Access Recent advances in bio-based production of top platform chemical, succinic acid: an alternative to conventional chemistry(Springer Nature, 2024-05-29) Kumar, Vinod; Kumar, Pankaj; Maity, Sunil K.; Agrawal, Deepti; Narisetty, Vivek; Jacob, Samuel; Kumar, Gopalakrishnan; Bhatia, Shashi Kant; Kumar, Dinesh; Vivekanand, VivekanandSuccinic acid (SA) is one of the top platform chemicals with huge applications in diverse sectors. The presence of two carboxylic acid groups on the terminal carbon atoms makes SA a highly functional molecule that can be derivatized into a wide range of products. The biological route for SA production is a cleaner, greener, and promising technological option with huge potential to sequester the potent greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide. The recycling of renewable carbon of biomass (an indirect form of CO2), along with fixing CO2 in the form of SA, offers a carbon-negative SA manufacturing route to reduce atmospheric CO2 load. These attractive attributes compel a paradigm shift from fossil-based to microbial SA manufacturing, as evidenced by several commercial-scale bio-SA production in the last decade. The current review article scrutinizes the existing knowledge and covers SA production by the most efficient SA producers, including several bacteria and yeast strains. The review starts with the biochemistry of the major pathways accumulating SA as an end product. It discusses the SA production from a variety of pure and crude renewable sources by native as well as engineered strains with details of pathway/metabolic, evolutionary, and process engineering approaches for enhancing TYP (titer, yield, and productivity) metrics. The review is then extended to recent progress on separation technologies to recover SA from fermentation broth. Thereafter, SA derivatization opportunities via chemo-catalysis are discussed for various high-value products, which are only a few steps away. The last two sections are devoted to the current scenario of industrial production of bio-SA and associated challenges, along with the author's perspective.Item Open Access Sustainable utilization and valorization of potato waste: state of the art, challenges, and perspectives(Springer, 2023-07-26) Khanal, Sonali; Karimi, Keikhosro; Majumdar, Sneha; Kumar, Vinod; Verma, Rachna; Bhatia, Shashi Kant; Kuca, Kamil; Esteban, Jesús; Kumar, DineshPotatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) are starchy tuberous crops that represent the world’s fourth most important crop. According to the “Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations,” 376 million metric tonnes of potatoes were produced globally in 2021. It is anticipated that around 8000 kilotons of potato peel waste might be generated in 2030, with related greenhouse gas emissions of 5 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent. Waste generated throughout the food supply chain, from potato farms to forks, contributes considerably to global warming. Apart from animal feed, technical processes in the potato processing industry generate waste organic residues with high amounts of bioactive compounds and carbohydrates, and thus extraction and bioconversion processes can produce high-value products. These include the isolation of functional ingredients for the formulation of nutraceuticals and pharma products, bioenergy-related products, enzymes, and fertilizers for the market, hence contributing to a more responsible production and consumption and, overall, circular economy. This review focuses on studies involving potato waste from industries such as pulp, processed water, peels, and mash showing the great prospects of the by-products from this crop for value-added supply chains and the reduction of undesired environmental effects. This work attempts to adhere upon several Sustainable Development Goals, specifically goals 7, 12, and 13, while also contributing to long-term growth targets and reducing negative environmental consequences produced by the food sector.Item Open Access Understanding of colistin usage in food animals and available detection techniques: a review(MDPI, 2020-10-16) Kumar, Harsh; Chen, Bing-Huei; Kuca, Kamil; Nepovimova, Eugenie; Kaushal, Ankur; Nagraik, Rupak; Bhatia, Shashi Kant; Dhanjal, Daljeet Singh; Kumar, Vinod; Kumar, Anil; Upadhyay, Navneet Kumar; Verma, Rachna; Kumar, DineshProgress in the medical profession is determined by the achievements and effectiveness of new antibiotics in the treatment of microbial infections. However, the development of multiple-drug resistance in numerous bacteria, especially Gram-negative bacteria, has limited the treatment options. Due to this resistance, the resurgence of cyclic polypeptide drugs like colistin remains the only option. The drug, colistin, is a well-known growth inhibitor of Gram-negative bacteria like Acinetobacter baumanni, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Technological advancements have uncovered the role of the mcr-1(mobilized colistin resistance) gene, which is responsible for the development of resistance in Gram-negative bacteria, which make them distinct from other bacteria without this gene. Additionally, food animals have been determined to be the reservoir for colistin resistance microbes, from which they spread to other hosts. Due to the adverse effects of colistin, many developed countries have prohibited its usage in animal foods, but developing countries are still using colistin in animal food production, thereby imposing a major risk to the public health. Therefore, there is a need for implementation of sustainable measures in livestock farms to prevent microbial infection. This review highlights the negative effects (increased resistance) of colistin consumption and emphasizes the different approaches used for detecting colistin in animal-based foods as well as the challenges associated with its detectionItem Open Access Valorisation of xylose to renewable fuels and chemicals, an essential step in augmenting the commercial viability of lignocellulosic biorefineries(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2021-10-26) Narisetty, Vivek; Cox, Rylan; Bommareddy, Rajesh; Agrawal, Deepti; Ahmad, Ejaz; Pant, Kamal Kumar; Chandel, Anuj Kumar; Bhatia, Shashi Kant; Kumar, Dinesh; Binod, Parmeswaran; Gupta, Vijai Kumar; Kumar, VinodBiologists and engineers are making tremendous efforts in contributing to a sustainable and green society. To that end, there is growing interest in waste management and valorisation. Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) is the most abundant material on the earth and an inevitable waste predominantly originating from agricultural residues, forest biomass and municipal solid waste streams. LCB serves as the renewable feedstock for clean and sustainable processes and products with low carbon emission. Cellulose and hemicellulose constitute the polymeric structure of LCB, which on depolymerisation liberates oligomeric or monomeric glucose and xylose, respectively. The preferential utilization of glucose and/or absence of the xylose metabolic pathway in microbial systems cause xylose valorization to be alienated and abandoned, a major bottleneck in the commercial viability of LCB-based biorefineries. Xylose is the second most abundant sugar in LCB, but a non-conventional industrial substrate unlike glucose. The current review seeks to summarize the recent developments in the biological conversion of xylose into a myriad of sustainable products and associated challenges. The review discusses the microbiology, genetics, and biochemistry of xylose metabolism with hurdles requiring debottlenecking for efficient xylose assimilation. It further describes the product formation by microbial cell factories which can assimilate xylose naturally and rewiring of metabolic networks to ameliorate xylose-based bioproduction in native as well as non-native strains. The review also includes a case study that provides an argument on a suitable pathway for optimal cell growth and succinic acid (SA) production from xylose through elementary flux mode analysis. Finally, a product portfolio from xylose bioconversion has been evaluated along with significant developments made through enzyme, metabolic and process engineering approaches, to maximize the product titers and yield, eventually empowering LCB-based biorefineries. Towards the end, the review is wrapped up with current challenges, concluding remarks, and prospects with an argument for intense future research into xylose-based biorefineries.