Browsing by Author "Albarrak, Majed"

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Predicting cybersecurity threats in critical infrastructure for Industry 4.0: a proactive approach based on attacker motivations
    (MDPI, 2023-05-06) Alqudhaibi, Adel; Albarrak, Majed; Aloseel, Abdulmohsan; Jagtap, Sandeep; Salonitis, Konstantinos
    n Industry 4.0, manufacturing and critical systems require high levels of flexibility and resilience for dynamic outcomes. Industrial Control Systems (ICS), specifically Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems, are commonly used for operation and control of Critical Infrastructure (CI). However, due to the lack of security controls, standards, and proactive security measures in the design of these systems, they have security risks and vulnerabilities. Therefore, efficient and effective security solutions are needed to secure the conjunction between CI and I4.0 applications. This paper predicts potential cyberattacks and threats against CI systems by considering attacker motivations and using machine learning models. The approach presents a novel cybersecurity prediction technique that forecasts potential attack methods, depending on specific CI and attacker motivations. The proposed model’s accuracy in terms of False Positive Rate (FPR) reached 66% with the trained and test datasets. This proactive approach predicts potential attack methods based on specific CI and attacker motivations, and doubling the trained data sets will improve the accuracy of the proposed model in the future.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Securing industry 4.0: Assessing cybersecurity challenges and proposing strategies for manufacturing management
    (Elsevier, 2024-08-02) Alqudhaibi, Adel; Albarrak, Majed; Jagtap, Sandeep; Williams, Nikki; Salonitis, Konstantinos
    Industry 4.0 represents the foundation of the fourth industrial revolution, characterised by the integration of innovative technology into the manufacturing process. This integration enhances automation, diagnostics, data analysis, and autonomous decision-making through the networking of equipment and machinery. However, the increased reliance on technology raises concerns about the implementation and maintenance of cybersecurity. This paper aims to address cybersecurity challenges in the manufacturing industry and suggest strategies to reduce risks. In particular, it examines the level of awareness and understanding of cybersecurity issues among manufacturing employees, establishes accountability for cyberattacks, and evaluates the effectiveness of existing industry practices. The current cybersecurity landscape in the manufacturing industry was thoroughly analysed. Data were gathered through surveys, interviews, and case studies to measure awareness, identify knowledge gaps, and assess existing practices. The research findings indicate a significant knowledge gap regarding cybersecurity among manufacturing employees. This vulnerability can be attributed to the lack of funding and training, especially compared to the resources provided to information technology departments and corporate employees. The study emphasises the importance of redirecting cybersecurity resources and protocols towards the manufacturing industry. This paper puts forward a series of recommendations to mitigate risks and safeguard the manufacturing industry.