Securing industry 4.0: Assessing cybersecurity challenges and proposing strategies for manufacturing management

Industry 4.0 represents the foundation of the fourth industrial revolution, characterised by the integration of innovative technology into the manufacturing process. This integration enhances automation, diagnostics, data analysis, and autonomous decision-making through the networking of equipment and machinery. However, the increased reliance on technology raises concerns about the implementation and maintenance of cybersecurity. This paper aims to address cybersecurity challenges in the manufacturing industry and suggest strategies to reduce risks. In particular, it examines the level of awareness and understanding of cybersecurity issues among manufacturing employees, establishes accountability for cyberattacks, and evaluates the effectiveness of existing industry practices. The current cybersecurity landscape in the manufacturing industry was thoroughly analysed. Data were gathered through surveys, interviews, and case studies to measure awareness, identify knowledge gaps, and assess existing practices. The research findings indicate a significant knowledge gap regarding cybersecurity among manufacturing employees. This vulnerability can be attributed to the lack of funding and training, especially compared to the resources provided to information technology departments and corporate employees. The study emphasises the importance of redirecting cybersecurity resources and protocols towards the manufacturing industry. This paper puts forward a series of recommendations to mitigate risks and safeguard the manufacturing industry.