Chai, RunqiTsourdos, AntoniosSavvaris, AlChai, SenchunXia, Yuanqing2021-03-082021-03-082021-01-11Chai R, Tsourdos A, Savvaris A, et al., (2021) Solving constrained trajectory planning problems using biased particle swarm optimization. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Volume 57, Issue 3, June 2021, pp. 1685-17010018-9251https://doi.org/10.1109/TAES.2021.3050645https://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/16453Constrained trajectory optimization has been a critical component in the development of advanced guidance and control systems. An improperly planned reference trajectory can be a main cause of poor online control performance. Due to the existence of various mission-related constraints, the feasible solution space of a trajectory optimization model may be restricted to a relatively narrow corridor, thereby easily resulting in local minimum or infeasible solution detection. In this work, we are interested in making an attempt to handle the constrained trajectory design problem using a biased particle swarm optimization approach. The proposed approach reformulates the original problem to an unconstrained multi-criterion version by introducing an additional normalized objective reflecting the total amount of constraint violation. Besides, to enhance the progress during the evolutionary process, the algorithm is equipped with a local exploration operation, a novel ε-bias selection method, and an evolution restart strategy. Numerical simulation experiments, obtained from a constrained atmospheric entry trajectory optimization example, are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed optimization strategy. Main advantages associated with the proposed method are also highlighted by executing a number of comparative case studies.enAttribution-NonCommercial 4.0 Internationalrestart strategybias selectionlocal explorationparticle swarm optimizationTrajectory optimizationArticle