Evolution of green space under rapid urban expansion in Southeast Asian cities

dc.contributor.authorMuhamad Nor, Amal Najihah
dc.contributor.authorAbdul Aziz, Hasifah
dc.contributor.authorNawawi, Siti Aisyah
dc.contributor.authorMuhammad Jamil, Rohazaini
dc.contributor.authorAbas, Muhamad Azahar
dc.contributor.authorHambali, Kamarul Ariffin
dc.contributor.authorYusoff, Abdul Hafidz
dc.contributor.authorIbrahim, Norfadhilah
dc.contributor.authorRafaai, Nur Hairunnisa
dc.contributor.authorCorstanje, Ron
dc.contributor.authorHarris, Jim A.
dc.contributor.authorGrafius, Darren R.
dc.contributor.authorPerotto-Baldivieso, Humberto L.
dc.date.accessioned2021-11-18T16:35:51Z
dc.date.available2021-11-18T16:35:51Z
dc.date.issued2021-10-30
dc.description.abstractGlobally, rapid urban expansion has caused green spaces in urban areas to decline considerably. In this study, the rapid expansion of three Southeast Asia cities were considered, namely, Kuala Lumpur City, Malaysia; Jakarta, Indonesia; and Metro Manila, Philippines. This study evaluates the changes in spatial and temporal patterns of urban areas and green space structure in the three cities over the last two decades. Land use land cover (LULC) maps of the cities (1988/1989, 1999 and 2014) were developed based on 30-m resolution satellite images. The changes in the landscape and spatial structure were analysed using change detection, landscape metrics and statistical analysis. The percentage of green space in the three cities reduced in size from 45% to 20% with the rapid expansion of urban areas over the 25-year period. In Metro Manila and Jakarta, the proportion of green space converted to urban areas was higher in the initial 1989 to 1999 period than over the latter 1999 to 2014 period. Significant changes in green space structure were observed in Jakarta and Metro Manila. Green space gradually fragmented and became less connected and more unevenly distributed. These changes were not seen in Kuala Lumpur City. Overall, the impact of spatial structure of urban areas and population density on green space is higher in Jakarta and Metro Manila when this is compared to Kuala Lumpur. Thus, the results have the potential to clarify the relative contribution of green space structure especially for cities in Southeast Asia where only a few studies in urban areas have taken place.en_UK
dc.identifier.citationMuhamad Nor AN, Abdul Aziz H, Nawawi SA, et al., (2021) Evolution of green space under rapid urban expansion in Southeast Asian cities. Sustainability, Volume 13, Issue 21, November 2021, Article number 12024en_UK
dc.identifier.issn2071-1050
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/su132112024
dc.identifier.urihttp://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/17280
dc.language.isoenen_UK
dc.publisherMDPIen_UK
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 International*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/*
dc.subjectgreen spaceen_UK
dc.subjectrapid urban expansionen_UK
dc.subjectSoutheast Asia citiesen_UK
dc.subjectspatiotemporal patternen_UK
dc.titleEvolution of green space under rapid urban expansion in Southeast Asian citiesen_UK
dc.typeArticleen_UK

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