A validated reverse-phase LC-MS/MS method for the analysis of haloacetic acids in drinking water: supporting the transition from HAA5 to HAA9

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dc.contributor.authorGrundy, Polly L.
dc.contributor.authorJarvis, Peter R.
dc.contributor.authorJefferson, Bruce
dc.contributor.authorFawell, John
dc.contributor.authorHaley, John A.
dc.contributor.authorGoslan, Emma H.
dc.date.accessioned2024-05-16T09:57:33Z
dc.date.available2024-05-16T09:57:33Z
dc.date.issued2024-04-16
dc.description.abstractHaloacetic acids (HAAs) are potentially toxic by-products formed from interactions between organic matter and chlorine during disinfection of drinking water, with brominated HAAs forming when bromide is present. Some countries require monitoring of drinking water for five HAAs, but there is increasing health concern related to the more toxic brominated HAAs and monitoring of nine HAAs (HAA9) is becoming more widespread. However, existing methods of analysis for HAA9 are often sub-optimal, involving complex derivatisation steps and/or long analytical run times. This article presents an improved methodology utilising reverse-phase liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for which sample preparation involves simple pH adjustment and the analytical run takes 10 min. The efficacy of the method was demonstrated by a full validation across four drinking water matrices with good sensitivity (<0.8 μg/L), precision (<7%), and bias (<10%) observed. A direct comparison using real water samples was performed against the widely used existing gas chromatography method. The new LC-MS/MS method was significantly quicker and easier and demonstrated improved performance in terms of accuracy and precision. This has implications for understanding the risk posed by HAAs in chlorinated water by eliminating the possible historical under-estimates of the levels of the more toxic brominated compounds.en_UK
dc.description.sponsorshipThe work was supported by UK Water Industry Research Ltd (UKWIR) and Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) through their funding of the Water Infrastructure and Resilience (WIRe) Centre for Doctoral Training [EP/5023666/1].en_UK
dc.identifier.citationGrundy PL, Jarvis PR, Jefferson B, et al., (2024) A validated reverse-phase LC-MS/MS method for the analysis of haloacetic acids in drinking water: supporting the transition from HAA5 to HAA9. H2Open Journal, Volume 7, Issue 3, May 2024, Article number h2oj2024008en_UK
dc.identifier.issn2616-6518
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.2166/h2oj.2024.008
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/21630
dc.language.isoen_UKen_UK
dc.publisherIWA Publishingen_UK
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 International*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/*
dc.subjectbrominated haloacetic acidsen_UK
dc.subjectdisinfection by-productsen_UK
dc.subjectHAAsen_UK
dc.subjectliquid chromatography mass spectrometryen_UK
dc.subjectreverse phaseen_UK
dc.titleA validated reverse-phase LC-MS/MS method for the analysis of haloacetic acids in drinking water: supporting the transition from HAA5 to HAA9en_UK
dc.typeArticleen_UK
dcterms.dateAccepted2024-03-28

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