Vapor-induced flow and its impact on powder entrainment in laser powder bed fusion

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dc.contributor.authorLi, Zhiyong
dc.contributor.authorYu, Gang
dc.contributor.authorHe, Xiuli
dc.contributor.authorGan, Zhengtao
dc.contributor.authorLiu, Wing Kam
dc.date.accessioned2023-07-17T15:23:19Z
dc.date.available2023-07-17T15:23:19Z
dc.date.issued2023-07-16
dc.description.abstractA 2D axisymmetric transient Thermal-Fluid-Evaporation model coupled with melt pool dynamics and gas kinetics is developed to study the formation mechanisms of vapor-induced flow and the resulting powder entrainment in powder bed fusion using laser beam (PBF-LB) for 316 L powders. The interactions between keyhole formation inside the melt pool, vapor plume flow, and vapor-induced shielding gas flow are investigated. Vapor plume flow results in powder spattering with much higher speed, while vapor-induced gas flow significantly contributes to powder denudation with lower speed. It is also reported that powder spattering is stronger in 1 atm argon than that in 1 atm helium because the drag force for spattering is 2.72 times larger in 1 atm argon, but powder denudation becomes greater in 1 atm helium as the ratio of drag force for denudation in 1 atm argon to that in 1 atm helium is only 0.582. Furthermore, the vapor plume results in more spatters with the decrease of ambient pressure from 1 atm to 0.05 atm in argon because the plume is diluted faster with a twofold wider plume head and the two times higher peak velocity as a result of the pressure drop-induced significant reduction of viscosity restriction. A larger divergency angle in 0.05 atm argon is also recorded at the same time for the weaker restriction and faster dilusiton. In combination with in-situ observations, the proposed model provides insights into the vapor-induced flow, and its impact on powder entrainment under different gas types and ambient pressures.en_UK
dc.identifier.citationLi Z, Yu G, He X, et al., (2023) Vapor-induced flow and its impact on powder entrainment in laser powder bed fusion. Materials Today Communications, Volume 36, August 2023, Article number 106669en_UK
dc.identifier.issn2352-4928
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2023.106669
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/20007
dc.language.isoenen_UK
dc.publisherElsevieren_UK
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/*
dc.subjectNumerical modelingen_UK
dc.subjectPowder spattering and denudationen_UK
dc.subject3D printing and additive manufacturingen_UK
dc.subjectVapor plume flowen_UK
dc.subjectvapor-induced gas flowen_UK
dc.titleVapor-induced flow and its impact on powder entrainment in laser powder bed fusionen_UK
dc.typeArticleen_UK

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