Temperature-dependent electrosynthesis of PEDOT:PSS: enhanced Na+ transfer targeting high-performance Na-ion batteries

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dc.contributor.authorSantos, Daniel R.
dc.contributor.authorZeferino, Jorge F.
dc.contributor.authorViana, Ana S.
dc.contributor.authorWijayantha, K. G. Upul
dc.contributor.authorLobato, Killian
dc.contributor.authorCorreia, Jorge P.
dc.date.accessioned2025-03-25T11:21:35Z
dc.date.available2025-03-25T11:21:35Z
dc.date.freetoread2025-03-25
dc.date.issued2025-04-01
dc.date.pubOnline2025-02-08
dc.description.abstractPoly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is a versatile conducting polymer with physicochemical properties favourable for energy storage applications, such as chemical and mechanic stability and flexibility. However, the temperature at which the polymer is synthesised can significantly influence its properties. In this study, a detailed investigation of the effect of temperature on the electroactivity, morphology, optical properties, and ionic/solvent transport during the redox conversion of potentiostatically and galvanostatically synthesised films was conducted. Electrochemical data, supported by ellipsometry, atomic force microscopy, microgravimetry, and probe beam deflection measurements, revealed that films synthesised at lower temperatures (0 °C) were more compact compared to those synthesised at higher temperatures (40 °C). Films synthesised at 0 °C also exhibited near-ideal reversibility, with a QO/QR ratio of ca. 1. Importantly, the 0 °C films showed a strong pseudocationic doping behaviour, characterised by predominant sodium ion exchange during redox processes. In contrast, films synthesised at 40 °C exhibited mixed ion participation (both sodium and perchlorate), which could negatively impact the performance of electrode material in battery applications. This study demonstrates the potential of PEDOT:PSS as a versatile material for sodium ion cathodes, with properties that can be finely tuned through the synthesis temperature, yielding more compact ion-storage films at lower temperatures.
dc.description.journalNameElectrochimica Acta
dc.description.sponsorshipFrench National Centre for Scientific Research, Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work was funded by the Portuguese Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) I.P./MCTES through projects UIDB/00100/2020 and UIDP/00100/2020– Centro de Química Estrutural.
dc.identifier.citationSantos DR, Zeferino JF, Viana AS, et al., (2025) Temperature-dependent electrosynthesis of PEDOT:PSS: enhanced Na+ transfer targeting high-performance Na-ion batteries. Electrochimica Acta, Volume 518, April 2025, Article number 145760en_UK
dc.identifier.eissn1873-3859
dc.identifier.elementsID564690
dc.identifier.issn0013-4686
dc.identifier.paperNo145760
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2025.145760
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/23638
dc.identifier.volumeNo518
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherElsevieren_UK
dc.publisher.urihttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013468625001239?via%3Dihub
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectPEDOT:PSSen_UK
dc.subjectTemperature-dependent electrosynthesisen_UK
dc.subjectPseudocationic dopingen_UK
dc.subjectNa-ion exchange polymeren_UK
dc.subject3403 Macromolecular and Materials Chemistryen_UK
dc.subject34 Chemical Sciencesen_UK
dc.subject3406 Physical Chemistryen_UK
dc.subject40 Engineeringen_UK
dc.subject4016 Materials Engineeringen_UK
dc.subjectEnergyen_UK
dc.subject51 Physical sciencesen_UK
dc.titleTemperature-dependent electrosynthesis of PEDOT:PSS: enhanced Na+ transfer targeting high-performance Na-ion batteriesen_UK
dc.typeArticle
dc.type.subtypeJournal Article
dcterms.dateAccepted2025-01-27

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