Interacting environmental stress factors affects targeted metabolomic profiles in stored natural wheat and that inoculated with F. graminearum

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dc.contributor.authorGarcia-Cela, Esther
dc.contributor.authorKiaitsi, Elisavet
dc.contributor.authorMedina-Vayá, Ángel
dc.contributor.authorSulyok, Michael
dc.contributor.authorKrska, Rudolf
dc.contributor.authorMagan, Naresh
dc.date.accessioned2018-02-01T16:36:40Z
dc.date.available2018-02-01T16:36:40Z
dc.date.issued2018-01-29
dc.description.abstractChanges in environmental stress impact on secondary metabolite (SM) production profiles. Few studies have examined targeted SM production patterns in relation to interacting environmental conditions in stored cereals. The objectives were to examine the effect of water activity (aw; 0.95–0.90) x temperature (10–25 °C) on SM production on naturally contaminated stored wheat and that inoculated with Fusarium graminearum. Samples were analysed using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) on (a) total number of known SMs, (b) their concentrations and (c) changes under environmental stress. 24 Fusarium metabolites were quantified. Interestingly, statistical differences (ChisSq., p < 0.001) were observed in the number of SMs produced under different sets of interacting environmental conditions. The dominant metabolites in natural stored grain were deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV) followed by a range of enniatins (A, A1, B, B1), apicidin and DON-3-glucoside at 10 °C. Increasing temperature promoted the biosynthesis of other SMs such as aurofusarin, moniliformin, zearalenone (ZEN) and their derivatives. Natural wheat + F. graminearum inoculation resulted in a significant increase in the number of metabolites produced (ChisSq., p < 0.001). For ZEN and its derivatives, more was produced under cooler storage conditions. Fusarin C was enhanced in contrast to that for the enniatin group. The relative ratios of certain groups of targeted SM changed with environmental stress. Both temperature and aw affected the amounts of metabolites present, especially of DON and ZEN. This study suggests that the dominant SMs produced in stored temperate cereals are the mycotoxins for which legislation exists. However, there are changes in the ratios of key metabolites which could influence the relative contamination with individual compounds. Thus, in the future, under more extreme environmental stresses, different dominant SMs may be formed which could make present legislation out of step with the future contamination which might occur.en_UK
dc.identifier.citationEsther Garcia-Cela, Elisavet Kiaitsi, Angel Medina, et. al., Interacting environmental stress factors affects targeted metabolomic profiles in stored natural wheat and that inoculated with F. graminearum. Toxins, Volume 10, Issue 2, article number 56en_UK
dc.identifier.issn2072-6651
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins10020056
dc.identifier.urihttp://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/12946
dc.language.isoenen_UK
dc.publisherMDPIen_UK
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 International*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/*
dc.subjectsecondary metabolitesen_UK
dc.subjectwater activityen_UK
dc.subjecttemperatureen_UK
dc.subjectenvironmental stressen_UK
dc.subjectmycotoxinsen_UK
dc.subjectFusarium graminearumen_UK
dc.subjectstorageen_UK
dc.subjectwheaten_UK
dc.titleInteracting environmental stress factors affects targeted metabolomic profiles in stored natural wheat and that inoculated with F. graminearumen_UK
dc.typeArticleen_UK

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