Determination and optimisation of Resonant Acoustic Mixing (RAM) efficiency in Polymer Bonded eXplosive (PBX) processing

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dc.contributor.authorClaydon, Andrew J.
dc.contributor.authorPatil, Ajay N.
dc.contributor.authorGaulter, Sally
dc.contributor.authorKister, Guillaume
dc.contributor.authorGill, Philip P.
dc.date.accessioned2022-03-25T13:29:00Z
dc.date.available2022-03-25T13:29:00Z
dc.date.issued2022-02-07
dc.description.abstractAn investigation into how the efficiency (time and energy required for homogeneity) of Resonant Acoustic Mixing (RAM) can be determined and optimised was undertaken. An idealised Polymer Bonded eXplosive (PBX) simulant based on glass microbeads (28.3 um D50, 62% v/v in binder and plasticiser) was used for mixing. Mixing evolution was monitored using machine output data, whereby the mixer ‘intensity’ (related to power draw) was plotted against time. Experiments were undertaken with three acceleration settings, three mixer units, and three vessel materials of low, medium, and high surface free energy. Different stages of the mixer ‘intensity’ profiles were found to correspond to discrete stages of mixing, as well as further rheological changes due to continued frictional heating, thus viscosity reduction, beyond homogeneity being achieved. Time to mixing completion was found to be repeatable within a standard deviation of +/- 10%, strongly dependent on acceleration setting, and additionally dependent on vessel material, though additional data is required to confirm this. A significant difference in mixing time was observed between different LabRAM units. Partial vacuum application without degassing was beneficial for mixing. Finally, a paradigm linking the ‘movement modes’ of mixing was constructed, based on literature observations and the experimental results.en_UK
dc.identifier.citationClaydon AJ, Patil AN, Gaulter S, et al., (2022) Determination and optimisation of Resonant Acoustic Mixing (RAM) efficiency in Polymer Bonded eXplosive (PBX) processing. Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, Volume 173, March 2022, Article number 108806en_UK
dc.identifier.eissn1873-3204
dc.identifier.issn0255-2701
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2022.108806
dc.identifier.urihttp://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/17684
dc.language.isoenen_UK
dc.publisherElsevieren_UK
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 International*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/*
dc.subjectResonant Acoustic Mixingen_UK
dc.subjectPolymer Bonded eXplosiveen_UK
dc.subjectEfficiencyen_UK
dc.subjectLabRAMen_UK
dc.titleDetermination and optimisation of Resonant Acoustic Mixing (RAM) efficiency in Polymer Bonded eXplosive (PBX) processingen_UK
dc.typeArticleen_UK

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