Field testing of a prototype mechanical dry toilet flush

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dc.contributor.authorHennigs, Jan
dc.contributor.authorRavndal, Kristin T.
dc.contributor.authorBlose, Thubelihle
dc.contributor.authorToolaram, Anju
dc.contributor.authorSindall, Rebecca C.
dc.contributor.authorBarrington, Dani J.
dc.contributor.authorCollins, Matt
dc.contributor.authorEngineer, Bhavin
dc.contributor.authorKolios, Athanasios J.
dc.contributor.authorMcAdam, Ewan
dc.contributor.authorParker, Alison
dc.contributor.authorWilliams, Leon
dc.contributor.authorTyrrel, Sean
dc.date.accessioned2019-04-18T15:00:40Z
dc.date.available2019-04-18T15:00:40Z
dc.date.issued2019-02-17
dc.description.abstractA prototype of a non-fluid based mechanical toilet flush was tested in a semi-public, institutional setting and in selected peri-urban households in eThekwini municipality, Republic of South Africa. The mechanism's functionality and users' perception of the flush were assessed. User perception varied depending on background: Users accustomed to porcelain water flush toilets were open to, yet reserved about the idea of using a waterless flush in their homes. Those who commonly use Urine Diversion Dehydration Toilets were far more receptive. The user-centred field trials were complemented by a controlled laboratory experiment, using synthetic urine, -faeces, and -menstrual blood, to systematically assess the efficiency of three swipe materials to clean the rotating bowl of the flush. A silicone rubber with oil-bleed-effect was found to be the best performing material for the swipe. Lubrication of the bowl prior to use further reduced fouling. A mechanical waterless flush that does not require consumables, like plastic wrappers, is a novelty and could – implemented in existing dry toilet systems – improve acceptance and thus the success of waterless sanitation.en_UK
dc.identifier.citationHennigs J, Ravndal KT, Blose T, et al., (2019) Field testing of a prototype mechanical dry toilet flush. Science of the Total Environment, Volume 668, June 2019, PP. 419-431en_UK
dc.identifier.cris23368128
dc.identifier.issn0048-9697
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.220
dc.identifier.urihttp://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/14101
dc.language.isoenen_UK
dc.publisherElsevieren_UK
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 International*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/*
dc.subjectWASHen_UK
dc.subjectReinvent the toilet challengeen_UK
dc.subjectIterative designen_UK
dc.subjectUser testingen_UK
dc.subjectScience-design Interfaceen_UK
dc.titleField testing of a prototype mechanical dry toilet flushen_UK
dc.typeArticleen_UK

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