Are microbubbles magic or just small? a direct comparison of hydroxyl radical generation between microbubble and conventional bubble ozonation under typical operational conditions

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dc.contributor.authorJohn, Alexander
dc.contributor.authorCarra, Irene
dc.contributor.authorJefferson, Bruce
dc.contributor.authorJodkowska, Monika
dc.contributor.authorBrookes, Adam
dc.contributor.authorJarvis, Peter
dc.date.accessioned2022-02-07T11:41:20Z
dc.date.available2022-02-07T11:41:20Z
dc.date.issued2022-01-24
dc.description.abstractThe application of microbubbles for water treatment is an emerging technology which has been shown to significantly enhance gas–liquid contacting processes. When applied to ozonation, microbubble technology has been shown to enhance mass transfer and the speed and extent of compound removal compared with conventional bubbling techniques. One explanation as to why microbubble systems outperform conventional systems is that microbubbles shrink, collapse and spontaneously generate hydroxyl radicals which is thought to enhance the speed of compound removal. This study compared microbubble (mean diameter 37 μm) and conventional bubble (mean diameter 5.4 mm) ozonation systems under identical conditions. The experiments were normalised for effective ozone dose to determine whether microbubble ozonation generated significantly more hydroxyl radicals than conventional bubble ozonation. 4-chlorobenzoic was used as the hydroxyl radical probe and the proportion of hydroxyl radicals generated for a given effective ozone dose was quantified. The •OH-exposure to O3-exposure (the ) was used to compare the systems. The ratio of the mean to mean was 0.73, 0.84 and 1.12 at pH 6, 7 and 8 respectively. Statistical assessment of the showed that there was no significant difference between the bubble systems. No evidence was found to support the hypothesis that microbubble systems generate more •OH. Instead, the level of •OH-exposure is linked to the effective dose and pH of the system and future designs should focus on those factors to deliver •OH based benefits.en_UK
dc.identifier.citationJohn A, Carra I, Jefferson B, et al., (2022) Are microbubbles magic or just small? A direct comparison of hydroxyl radical generation between microbubble and conventional bubble ozonation under typical operational conditions. Chemical Engineering Journal, Volume 435, Part 1, May 2022, Article number 134854en_UK
dc.identifier.issn1385-8947
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2022.134854
dc.identifier.urihttp://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/17547
dc.language.isoenen_UK
dc.publisherElsevieren_UK
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 International*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/*
dc.subjectMicrobubblesen_UK
dc.subjectOzoneen_UK
dc.subjectHydroxyl radicalsen_UK
dc.subjectWater treatmenten_UK
dc.titleAre microbubbles magic or just small? a direct comparison of hydroxyl radical generation between microbubble and conventional bubble ozonation under typical operational conditionsen_UK
dc.typeArticleen_UK

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