Fusarium species in grains : dry matter losses, mycotoxin contamination and control strategies using ozone and chemical compounds

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dc.contributor.advisorMagan, Naresh
dc.contributor.authorMylona, Kalliopi
dc.date.accessioned2013-03-25T10:14:48Z
dc.date.available2013-03-25T10:14:48Z
dc.date.issued2012-06
dc.description.abstractThis Project identified the relationships between storage conditions, dry matter losses (DMLs) caused by Fusarium species in cereal grains and mycotoxin contamination and assessed novel control strategies for post-harvest grain management including chemical control and ozone. F. graminearum, F. verticillioides and F. langsethiae were inoculated on wheat, maize and oats and stored under environmental conditions where marginal to optimum spoilage and mycotoxin contamination can occur. DMLs were calculated from the CO2 produced and were significantly correlated with deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEA), fumonisins (FUMs) and T-2 and HT-2 toxins respectively. Mycotoxin levels in wheat and maize exceeded the EU legislative limits with 0.9-1% DMLs. Therefore, CO2 monitoring during storage can indicate the level of contamination in a stored batch. Using CO2 production data at different water activity (aw) and temperature conditions, the environmental regimes at which F. langsethiae can grow and contaminate oats with T-2 and HT-2 toxins were identified for the first time. Five acids were examined in vitro and little effect was observed on Fusarium growth, in the aqueous form, while the effect on mycotoxin production varied. Dissolved in ethanol, adipic, fumaric and ferulic acids inhibited fungal growth and controlled DON and FUMs, but T-2 toxin was stimulated by the ethanol. Two garlic essential oils, propyl-propylthiosulfinate (PTS) and propyl propylthiosulfonate (PTSO) were studied for the first time. In vitro, 200 ppm reduced fungal growth (50-100%) and mycotoxin production by >90%. The efficacy was species-dependent. In naturally contaminated oats of 0.93 aw stored for 20 days, 16 ppm PTSO reduced T-2 and HT-2 toxins by 66% and ochratoxin A (OTA) by 88%, while 200 ppm PTS reduced OTA by 95%. In wheat, 100 ppm PTS reduced DON and ZEA and 300 ppm PTS reduced fumonisins by 40-80%. PTSO:PTS (1:1) at 400 and 600 ppm was very effective against DON and ZEA in wheat of 0.92 aw. Ozone (O3) exposure at 200 ppm for 30 min delayed Fusarium spore germination on media of 0.98 aw and inhibited germination at 0.94 aw. O3 was more effective against fungal spores than mycelium and little effect was observed on growing cultures. In vitro, mycotoxin production after exposure depended on the stage of life of the fungi. O3 reduced fungal populations in grains. Mycotoxin production in wet grains treated with 100-200 ppm O3 for 60 min and stored for up to 30 days was reduced or completely inhibited, depending on the species and the exposure system. Simultaneous drying of the grain due to the O3 passage was observed.en_UK
dc.identifier.urihttp://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/7876
dc.language.isoenen_UK
dc.publisherCranfield Universityen_UK
dc.rights© Cranfield University 2012. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without the written permission of the copyright owner.en_UK
dc.subjectWheaten_UK
dc.subjectmaizeen_UK
dc.subjectoatsen_UK
dc.subjectcerealsen_UK
dc.subjectF. graminearumen_UK
dc.subjectF. verticillioidesen_UK
dc.subjectF. langsethiaeen_UK
dc.subjectpost-harvesten_UK
dc.subjectstorageen_UK
dc.subjectadipicen_UK
dc.subjecttartaricen_UK
dc.subjectfumaricen_UK
dc.subjecttrans-cinnamicen_UK
dc.subjectferulicen_UK
dc.subjectPTSOen_UK
dc.subjectPTSen_UK
dc.subjectthiosulfinatesen_UK
dc.subjectthiosulfonatesen_UK
dc.subjectgarlicen_UK
dc.subjectessential oilsen_UK
dc.subjectfumigationen_UK
dc.subjectfooden_UK
dc.subjectfeeden_UK
dc.subjectatmosphereen_UK
dc.subjectheadspaceen_UK
dc.subjectdeoxynivalenolen_UK
dc.subjectzearalenoneen_UK
dc.subjectnivalenolen_UK
dc.subjectfumonisinsen_UK
dc.subjectT-2en_UK
dc.subjectHT-2en_UK
dc.subjecttrichothecenesen_UK
dc.subjectpreservationen_UK
dc.subjectsiloen_UK
dc.subjectqualityen_UK
dc.subjectsafetyen_UK
dc.subjectlegislative limitsen_UK
dc.titleFusarium species in grains : dry matter losses, mycotoxin contamination and control strategies using ozone and chemical compoundsen_UK
dc.typeThesis or dissertationen_UK
dc.type.qualificationlevelDoctoralen_UK
dc.type.qualificationnamePhDen_UK

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