Mercury and antimony in wastewater: fate and treatment

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dc.contributor.authorHargreaves, Andrew J.
dc.contributor.authorVale, Peter C. J.
dc.contributor.authorWhelan, Jonathan
dc.contributor.authorConstantino, Carlos
dc.contributor.authorDotro, Gabriela
dc.contributor.authorCartmell, Elise
dc.date.accessioned2016-05-09T16:22:21Z
dc.date.available2016-05-09T16:22:21Z
dc.date.issued2016-02-23
dc.description.abstractIt is important to understand the fate of Hg and Sb within the wastewater treatment process so as to examine potential treatment options and to ensure compliance with regulatory standards. The fate of Hg and Sb was investigated for an activated sludge process treatment works in the UK. Relatively high crude values (Hg 0.092 μg/L, Sb 1.73 μg/L) were observed at the works, whilst low removal rates within the primary (Hg 52.2 %, Sb 16.3 %) and secondary treatment stages (Hg 29.5 %, Sb −28.9 %) resulted in final effluent concentrations of 0.031 μg/L for Hg and 2.04 μg/L for Sb. Removal of Hg was positively correlated with suspended solids (SS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, whilst Sb was negatively correlated. Elevated final effluent Sb concentrations compared with crude values were postulated and were suggested to result from Sb present in returned sludge liquors. Kepner Tregoe (KT) analysis was applied to identify suitable treatment technologies. For Hg, chemical techniques (specifically precipitation) were found to be the most suitable whilst for Sb, adsorption (using granulated ferric hydroxide) was deemed most appropriate. Operational solutions, such as lengthening hydraulic retention time, and treatment technologies deployed on sludge liquors were also reviewed but were not feasible for implementation at the works.en_UK
dc.identifier.citationHargreaves AJ, Vale P, Whelan, et al. (2016) Mercury and antimony in wastewater: fate and treatment. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, Volume 227, Rebruary 2016, Article number 89en_UK
dc.identifier.issn0049-6979
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-016-2756-8
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/9866
dc.language.isoenen_UK
dc.publisherSpringer Verlagen_UK
dc.rights© The Author(s) 2016 en_UK
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 International
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectMercuryen_UK
dc.subjectAntimonyen_UK
dc.subjectPrecipitationen_UK
dc.subjectAdsorptionen_UK
dc.subjectWasterwateren_UK
dc.subjectKepner Tregoeen_UK
dc.titleMercury and antimony in wastewater: fate and treatmenten_UK
dc.typeArticleen_UK

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