Membrane distillation of concentrated blackwater: effect of temperature, solids concentration and membrane pore size

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dc.contributor.authorKamranvand, Farhad
dc.contributor.authorDavey, Chris J.
dc.contributor.authorWilliams, Leon
dc.contributor.authorParker, Alison
dc.contributor.authorJiang, Ying
dc.contributor.authorTyrrel, Sean
dc.contributor.authorMcAdam, Ewan J.
dc.date.accessioned2021-01-13T11:55:16Z
dc.date.available2021-01-13T11:55:16Z
dc.date.issued2020-11-06
dc.description.abstractThis study has elucidated the mechanisms governing water recovery from blackwater using membrane distillation, and has clarified the role of the organic particle fraction on membrane performance. Whilst fecal pathogen growth was initially observed at lower temperatures, pathogen inactivation was demonstrated over time, due to urea hydrolysis which liberated ammonia in excess of its toxic threshold. During the growth phase, membrane pore size <0.45 µm was sufficient to achieve high log reduction values for Escherichia coli, due to size exclusion complimented by the liquid–vapor interface which enhances selective transport for water. Higher feed temperatures benefitted rejection by promoting thermal inactivation and suppressing urea hydrolysis. Whilst the mechanism is not yet clear, suppression of hydrolysis reduced bicarbonate formation kinetics stabilizing the ammonia‐ammonium equilibrium which improved ammonium rejection. Blackwater particle concentration was studied by increasing fecal content. Particle fouling improved selectivity for coarse pore membranes but increased mass transfer resistance which reduced flux. Particle fouling induced wetting as noted by an eventual breakthrough of feed into the permeate. We propose that by incorporating upstream solid–liquid separation for particle separation to limit wetting and mass transfer resistance, membrane distillation can be a reliable solution for the recovery of high‐quality permeate from blackwater.en_UK
dc.identifier.citationKamranvand F, Davey CJ, Williams L, et al., (2020) Membrane distillation of concentrated blackwater: effect of temperature, solids concentration and membrane pore size. Water Environment Research, Volume 93, Issue 6, June 2021, pp. 875-886en_UK
dc.identifier.issn1061-4303
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1002/wer.1478
dc.identifier.urihttp://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/16167
dc.language.isoenen_UK
dc.publisherWileyen_UK
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/*
dc.subjectsanitationen_UK
dc.subjectorganic foulingen_UK
dc.subjectpathogen rejectionen_UK
dc.subjectparticle and colloiden_UK
dc.subjectvacuumen_UK
dc.subjectwater qualityen_UK
dc.titleMembrane distillation of concentrated blackwater: effect of temperature, solids concentration and membrane pore sizeen_UK
dc.typeArticleen_UK

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