Production and stability of low amount fraction of formaldehyde in hydrogen gas standards

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dc.contributor.authorBacquart, Thomas
dc.contributor.authorPerkins, Mark
dc.contributor.authorFerracci, Valerio
dc.contributor.authorMartin, Nicholas A.
dc.contributor.authorResner, Kate
dc.contributor.authorWard, Michael K. M.
dc.contributor.authorCassidy, Nathan
dc.contributor.authorHook, Joshua B.
dc.contributor.authorBrewer, Paul J.
dc.contributor.authorIrvine, John T. C.
dc.contributor.authorConnor, Paul A.
dc.contributor.authorMurugan, Arul
dc.date.accessioned2018-06-01T08:58:25Z
dc.date.available2018-06-01T08:58:25Z
dc.date.issued2018-03-03
dc.description.abstractFormaldehyde is an intermediate of the steam methane reforming process for hydrogen production. According to International Standard ISO 14687-2 the amount fraction level of formaldehyde present in hydrogen supplied to fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV) must not exceed 10 nmol mol−1. The development of formaldehyde standards in hydrogen is crucial to validate the analytical results and ensure measurement reliability for the FCEV industry. NPL demonstrated that these standards can be gravimetrically prepared and validated at 10 μmol mol−1 with a shelf-life of 8 weeks (stability uncertainty <10%; k = 1), but that formaldehyde degrades into methanol and dimethoxymethane, as measured by FTIR, GC-MS and SIFT-MS. The degradation kinetics is more rapid than predicted by thermodynamics, this may be due to the internal gas cylinder surface acting as a catalyst. The identification of by-products (methanol and dimethoxymethane) requires further investigation to establish any potential undesirable impacts to the FCEV.en_UK
dc.identifier.citationBacquart T, Perkins M, Ferracci V, et al., (2018) Production and stability of low amount fraction of formaldehyde in hydrogen gas standards. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Volume 43, Issue 13, March 2018, pp. 6711-6722en_UK
dc.identifier.issn0360-3199
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.02.026
dc.identifier.urihttp://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/13225
dc.language.isoenen_UK
dc.publisherElsevieren_UK
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/*
dc.subjectFormaldehydeen_UK
dc.subjectHydrogenen_UK
dc.subjectISO14687en_UK
dc.subjectGas analysisen_UK
dc.subjectDegradation productsen_UK
dc.subject“Gas standard”en_UK
dc.titleProduction and stability of low amount fraction of formaldehyde in hydrogen gas standardsen_UK
dc.typeArticleen_UK

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