Engineering scale-up and environmental effects of the calcium looping cycle for post-combustion carbon dioxide capture

dc.contributor.advisorOakey, John
dc.contributor.advisorPatchigolla, Kumar
dc.contributor.authorCotton, Alissa
dc.date.accessioned2014-06-20T14:23:54Z
dc.date.available2014-06-20T14:23:54Z
dc.date.issued2013-08
dc.description.abstractThis thesis has addressed several gaps in the knowledge with regards to the calcium looping cycle for carbon dioxide capture, including identification of engineering challenges associated with the scale-up of the technology to pilot scale and beyond; assessment of changes in sorbent morphology during the pilot scale capture process; and partitioning of elemental impurities in the limestone between the solid and gaseous phase during the carbon dioxide capture process. Hydrodynamic investigations identified the optimum superficial velocities required for the reactor in order to optimise solids entrainment and flux, and to minimise gas bypassing. Estimations made in determining how particle attrition would affect minimum fluidisation velocity confirmed a decrease of approximately 0.09m/s for every 5 % reduction in particle size. Amendments made to the exhaust diameter and position, and the loop seals, improved the pressure balance of the system thus enhancing solids transfer. Reactor and process modifications, including modification of carbonator temperature, and maintenance of temperature above 420°C in standpipes resulted in improved carbon dioxide capture %. Increasing bed inventory had a positive effect of carbon dioxide capture % due to an increased Ca looping ratio. Steam addition also benefitted the carbonation process, due to improved sorbent morphology and therefore carbon dioxide diffusion into the sorbent. Sulfur dioxide was considered to have a detrimental effect on carbon dioxide capture due to pore pluggage, although burner- derived steam had a positive effect in maintaining capture %. Gaseous elemental emissions from the process were low for all elements, but concentrations of elements in the solid sorbent phase were influenced by bed inventory, implying that filtering systems may be required in industry for the large masses of sorbent required. Concentrations of elements in the sorbent were identified to be below levels typical of cement, with the exception of Ni, implying that there is potential for spent sorbent to be used in the cement industry with adequate mitigation measures in place.en_UK
dc.identifier.urihttp://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/8558
dc.language.isoenen_UK
dc.publisherCranfield Universityen_UK
dc.rights© Cranfield University 2013. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without the written permission of the copyright owner.en_UK
dc.subjectCarbon Captureen_UK
dc.subjectLimestoneen_UK
dc.subjectElementsen_UK
dc.subjectCementen_UK
dc.titleEngineering scale-up and environmental effects of the calcium looping cycle for post-combustion carbon dioxide captureen_UK
dc.typeThesis or dissertationen_UK
dc.type.qualificationlevelDoctoralen_UK
dc.type.qualificationnamePhDen_UK

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