Will environmental land management fill the income gap on upland-hill farms in England?

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dc.contributor.authorHolt, Alison
dc.contributor.authorMorris, Joe
dc.date.accessioned2022-10-18T11:45:49Z
dc.date.available2022-10-18T11:45:49Z
dc.date.issued2022-09-15
dc.description.abstractThe decision by the UK Government to withdraw from the European Union has prompted a major review of Agricultural and Environmental Policy. Focussing on upland farms in England, we explored the implications of switching from direct income support to ‘public money for public goods’. We posed two questions: (i) what public goods can upland farms provide? and (ii) can the rewards for environmental land management options fill the income gap due to loss of income support? Working with three volunteer upland farms, we combined the methods of a map-based natural capital and ecosystem services assessment with those of financial farm business appraisal. From this we produced a synthetic ‘Pen Farm’ Case to demonstrate the methods, produce indicative results and help support decisions by policy makers and practitioners during policy transition. We conclude that plugging the income gap could require a threefold increase in net income from environmental options. This will, however, require resetting the relationship between agricultural and environmental outcomes, particularly involving changes to livestock and grassland management. Furthermore, as environmental services become a core business function, payments by results must provide sufficient return on effort and assets to maintain the viability of the upland farm business. We also conclude that the integration of natural capital and farm business accounting is critical to support decision making at the farm and landscape scales as the transition to environmental land management is implemented.en_UK
dc.identifier.citationHolt A, Morris J. (2022) Will environmental land management fill the income gap on upland-hill farms in England?, Land Use Policy, Volume 122, November 2022, Article number 106339en_UK
dc.identifier.eissn1873-5754
dc.identifier.issn0264-8377
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106339
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/18571
dc.language.isoenen_UK
dc.publisherElsevieren_UK
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 International*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/*
dc.subjectEnvironmental land managementen_UK
dc.subjectAgricultureen_UK
dc.subjectUplands, farm businessen_UK
dc.subjectNatural capitalen_UK
dc.subjectPolicyen_UK
dc.titleWill environmental land management fill the income gap on upland-hill farms in England?en_UK
dc.typeArticleen_UK

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