Transitioning from electrodialysis to reverse electrodialysis stack design for energy generation from high concentration salinity gradients

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dc.contributor.authorHulme, A. M.
dc.contributor.authorDavey, C. J.
dc.contributor.authorTyrrel, Sean
dc.contributor.authorPidou, Marc
dc.contributor.authorMcAdam, Ewan J.
dc.date.accessioned2021-07-22T10:26:53Z
dc.date.available2021-07-22T10:26:53Z
dc.date.issued2021-07-08
dc.description.abstractIn this study, stack design for high concentration gradient reverse electrodialysis operating in recycle is addressed. High concentration gradients introduce complex transport phenomena, which are exacerbated when recycling feeds; a strategy employed to improve system level energy efficiency. This unique challenge indicates that membrane properties and spacer thickness requirements may differ considerably from reverse electrodialysis for lower concentration gradients (e.g. seawater/river water), drawing closer parallels to electrodialysis stack design. Consequently, commercially available electrodialysis and reverse electrodialysis stack design was first compared for power generation from high concentration gradients. Higher gross power densities were identified for the reverse electrodialysis stack, due to the use of thinner membranes characterised by a higher permselectivity, which improved current. However, energy efficiency of the electrodialysis stack was twice that recorded for the reverse electrodialysis stack at low current densities, which was attributed to: (i) an increased residence time provided by the larger intermembrane distance, and (ii) reduced exergy losses of the electrodialysis membranes, which provided comparatively lower water permeance. Further in-depth investigation into membrane properties and spacer thickness identified that membranes characterised by an intermediate water permeability and ohmic resistance provided the highest power density and energy efficiency (Neosepta ACS/CMS), while wider intermembrane distances up to 0.3 mm improved energy efficiency. This study confirms that reverse electrodialysis stacks for high concentration gradients in recycle therefore demand design more comparable to electrodialysis stacks to drive energy efficiency, but when selecting membrane properties, the trade-off with permselectivity must also be considered to ensure economic viability.en_UK
dc.identifier.citationHulme AM, Davey CJ, Tyrrel S, et al., (2021) Transitioning from electrodialysis to reverse electrodialysis stack design for energy generation from high concentration salinity gradients. Energy Conversion and Management, Volume 244, September 2021, Article number 114493en_UK
dc.identifier.issn0196-8904
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114493
dc.identifier.urihttp://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/16917
dc.language.isoenen_UK
dc.publisherElsevieren_UK
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 International*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/*
dc.subjectReverse electrodialysisen_UK
dc.subjectElectrodialysisen_UK
dc.subjectIntermembrane distanceen_UK
dc.subjectIon exchange membranesen_UK
dc.subjectConcentrated brinesen_UK
dc.subjectSalinity gradient energyen_UK
dc.titleTransitioning from electrodialysis to reverse electrodialysis stack design for energy generation from high concentration salinity gradientsen_UK
dc.typeArticleen_UK

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