Natural occurrence, exposure assessment & risk characterization of Alternaria mycotoxins in apple by‑products in Argentina

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dc.contributor.authorPavicich, María Agustina
dc.contributor.authorDe Boevre, Marthe
dc.contributor.authorVidal, Arnau
dc.contributor.authorMikula, Hannes
dc.contributor.authorWarth, Benedikt
dc.contributor.authorMarko, Doris
dc.contributor.authorDe Saeger, Sarah
dc.contributor.authorPatriarca, Andrea
dc.date.accessioned2023-04-17T13:54:16Z
dc.date.available2023-04-17T13:54:16Z
dc.date.issued2023-04-03
dc.description.abstractData on the natural occurrence of Alternaria mycotoxins in apple by-products is lacking in Argentina and the risk of exposure to these mycotoxins has not been characterized before. The levels of alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), altenuene (ALT), tenuazonic acid (TeA), tentoxin (TEN), altertoxin-I (ATX-I), altertoxin-II (ATX-II), alternariol 3-sulfate (AOH-3-S), alternariol 3-glucoside (AOH-3-G), alternariol monomethyl ether 3-sulfate (AME-3-S), and alternariol monomethyl ether 3-glucoside (AME-3-G) were determined in clarified and cloudy apple juices, marmalades, and apple-based infant food from the Argentinean market, and the risk of exposure was characterized. Detectable levels of AME, TEN, TeA, AME-3-S and AOH-3-G were found in clarified juices, while the same mycotoxins plus AOH were found in cloudy apple juices in higher concentrations. AME, TEN, TeA and AOH-3G were detected in marmalades, and AOH, AME, TEN and TeA in apple infant food. Probabilistic exposure assessment and risk characterization were carried out for children between 6 months and 5 years old in Argentina. The highest risk of exposure affected children between 6 and 23 months from the consumption of apple infant food and mainly associated with the alternariols. Better control strategies to prevent the incorporation of Alternaria mouldy core into the process line and the establishment of legislation for Alternaria mycotoxins are needed in Argentina.en_UK
dc.identifier.citationPavicich MA, De Boevre M, Vidal A, et al., (2024) Natural occurrence, exposure assessment & risk characterization of Alternaria mycotoxins in apple by‑products in Argentina. Exposure and Health, Volume 16, February 2024, pp. 149-158en_UK
dc.identifier.issn2451-9766
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1007/s12403-023-00544-1
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/19489
dc.language.isoenen_UK
dc.publisherSpringeren_UK
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 International*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/*
dc.subjectInfant foodsen_UK
dc.subjectConsumer’s risken_UK
dc.subjectModified mycotoxinsen_UK
dc.subjectAlternariolen_UK
dc.subjectFood safetyen_UK
dc.titleNatural occurrence, exposure assessment & risk characterization of Alternaria mycotoxins in apple by‑products in Argentinaen_UK
dc.typeArticleen_UK

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