Blending and spray atomization modelling for gasoline-ethanol fuels.

To achieve the ever stringent ls of low emission and to further improve the fuel economy, a much greater control of atomization and spray processes is required in the atomizer design of spray systems. In order to achieve this l, modeling of atomization characteristics of gasoline-ethanol fuel blends, fuel breakup models and correlations between flow patterns and droplet characteristics were adopted using OpenFOAM Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model for direct gasoline injector using a simple mesh structure at constant volume. The Rosin Rammler distribution model was used to generate the number of spray particles injected into the cylinder. The spray modeling and atomization involved blob sheet model and KH-RT model while the numerical technique for simulating atomization process by CFD included the use of governing equations such as Eulerian for gas phase, lagrangian for disperse phase and turbulence modeling. The evaluation of the effect of fuel blends, injection pressure, and ambient gas pressure and spray cone angle on the axial spray tip penetration, spray width, and overall Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) were carried out. The SMD was discovered to be affected by varying the degree of injection cone angle. The spray tip penetration lengths were larger for higher injection cone angles while higher penetration lengths were obtained at higher injection pressures. One salient conclusion drawn from the modeling is that as the number of particle increased, the density of clusters became smaller.