Investigation of the potential to reduce waste through sampling and spatial analysis of grain bulks

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dc.contributor.authorKerry, Ruth
dc.contributor.authorIngram, Benjamin R.
dc.contributor.authorGarcia-Cela, Esther
dc.contributor.authorMagan, Naresh
dc.date.accessioned2021-06-15T09:24:42Z
dc.date.available2021-06-15T09:24:42Z
dc.date.issued2021-05-25
dc.description.abstractBatches of grain are accepted or rejected based on average mycotoxin concentrations in a composite grain sample. Spatial analysis of mycotoxins in two grain bulks was performed to determine the spatial distribution of toxins, whether they were co-located and the proportions of grain over legislative limits. The 2D distribution of deoxynivalenol (DON) and ochratoxin A (OTA) in a truck load of wheat grain was analysed, as was the distribution of fumonisins (FB1 and FB2) in a 3D maize grain pile. The data had been previously analysed, but results here show that highly skewed data would need to be transformed to investigate spatial autocorrelation properly. In the truck of wheat grain, DON and OTA showed co-variation and, in contrast to previous studies, OTA showed spatial structure when converted to normal scores. Spatial analysis of the maize pile showed that FB1 and FB2 contamination levels were each highest near the outer face and base of the grain pile. Simulations for both grain bulks showed that, for average toxin concentrations close to legislative limits, the proportion of grain over the legislative limits can vary greatly and could be very small when toxin contamination is highly positively skewed. The implications of the results for management were considered. Post-harvest, strategically placed sensors could be used to monitor environmental conditions within the stored grain in real time and detect the first signs of spoilage allowing swift remediative action so less grain is wasted. Pre-harvest approaches for mycotoxin management are suggested as additional food waste reduction strategies.en_UK
dc.identifier.citationKerry R, Ingram BR, Garcia-Cela E, Magan N. (2021) Investigation of the potential to reduce waste through sampling and spatial analysis of grain bulks. Biosystems Engineering, Volume 207, July 2021, pp. 92-105en_UK
dc.identifier.issn1537-5110
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2021.05.001
dc.identifier.urihttp://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/16764
dc.language.isoenen_UK
dc.publisherElsevieren_UK
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/*
dc.subjectMycotoxinsen_UK
dc.subjectGrain storageen_UK
dc.subjectSpatial analysisen_UK
dc.subjectVariogramsen_UK
dc.subjectLocal Moran's Ien_UK
dc.subjectSequential Gaussian simulationen_UK
dc.titleInvestigation of the potential to reduce waste through sampling and spatial analysis of grain bulksen_UK
dc.typeArticleen_UK

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