A product-service system representation and its application in a concept design scenario

Product-service systems (PSS) can give diverse value provision to consumers reflecting their individual needs, while also addressing multiple issues from manufacturers’ viewpoints. We propose graph and ontological representations of PSS, consisting of values, product and service elements, and their relations. PSSs may also be included as subsystems in a larger PSS. We illustrate a case scenario of PSS concept design starting from an existing product. Diverse requirements of stakeholders of the product life-cycle are transferred to persona generation. From state parameters of these personas, we identify operations to improve the personas’ values, and implement each operation as a sub-PSS.