Microalgae for municipal wastewater nutrient remediation: mechanisms, reactors and outlook for tertiary treatment

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dc.contributor.authorWhitton, Rachel
dc.contributor.authorOmetto, Francesco
dc.contributor.authorPidou, Marc
dc.contributor.authorJarvis, Peter
dc.contributor.authorVilla, Raffaella
dc.contributor.authorJefferson, Bruce
dc.date.accessioned2016-08-04T12:51:01Z
dc.date.available2016-08-04T12:51:01Z
dc.date.issued2015-11-03
dc.description.abstractThis review explores the use of microalgae for nutrient removal in municipal wastewater treatment, considering recent improvements in the understanding of removal mechanisms and developments of both suspended and non-suspended systems. Nutrient removal is associated to both direct and indirect uptake, with the former associated to the biomass concentration and growth environment (reactor). Importantly, direct uptake is influenced by the Nitrogen:Phosphorus content in both the cells and the surrounding wastewater, with opposite trends observed for N and P. Comparison of suspended and non-suspended systems revealed that whilst all were capable of achieving high levels of nutrient removal, only non-suspended immobilized systems could do so with reduced hydraulic retention times of less than 1 day. As microalgae are photosynthetic organisms, the metabolic processes associated with nutrient assimilation are driven by light. Optimization of light delivery remains a key area of development with examples of improved mixing in suspended systems and the use of pulsating lights to enhance light utilization and reduce costs. Recent data provide increased confidence in the use of microalgae for nutrient removal in municipal wastewater treatment, enabling effluent discharges below 1 mg L−1 to be met whilst generating added value in terms of bioproducts for energy production or nutrient recovery. Ultimately, the review suggests that future research should focus on non-suspended systems and the determination of the added value potential. In so doing, it is predicted that microalgae systems will be significant in the delivery of the circular economy.en_UK
dc.identifier.citationRachel Whitton, Francesco Ometto, Marc Pidou, Peter Jarvis, Raffaella Villa and Bruce Jefferson. Microalgae for municipal wastewater nutrient remediation: mechanisms, reactors and outlook for tertiary treatment. Environmental Technology Reviews. Volume 4, Issue 1, 2015, pp133-148en_UK
dc.identifier.issn2162-2515
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21622515.2015.1105308
dc.identifier.urihttp://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/10225
dc.language.isoenen_UK
dc.publisherTaylor and Francisen_UK
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) You are free to: Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms. Under the following terms: Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. Information: No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
dc.subjectnitrogenen_UK
dc.subjectphosphorusen_UK
dc.subjectbioreactoren_UK
dc.subjectsuspendeden_UK
dc.subjectnon-suspendeden_UK
dc.titleMicroalgae for municipal wastewater nutrient remediation: mechanisms, reactors and outlook for tertiary treatmenten_UK
dc.typeArticleen_UK

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