A review on the pollution assessment of hazardous materials and the resultant biorefinery products in Palm oil mill effluent

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dc.contributor.authorMeena, Anu Alias
dc.contributor.authorMerrylin, J.
dc.contributor.authorBanu, Rajesh
dc.contributor.authorBhatia, Shashi Kant
dc.contributor.authorKumar, Vinod
dc.contributor.authorPiechota, Grzegorz
dc.contributor.authorKumar, Gopalakrishnan
dc.date.accessioned2023-05-16T08:54:00Z
dc.date.available2023-05-16T08:54:00Z
dc.date.issued2023-04-24
dc.description.abstractThe voluminous nature of POME is directly associated with environmental hazards and could be turned into biorefinery products. The POME, rich in BOD, COD, and oil and grease, with few hazardous materials such as siloxanes, fatty acid methyl ester, and phenolic compounds may significantly increase the risk of violating the effluent quality standards. Recently, the application of chemical and biological risk assessment that can use electrochemical sensors and microalgae-like species has gained paramount attention towards its remediation. This review describes the existing risk assessment for POME and recommends a novel assessment approach using fish species including invasive ones as suitable for identifying the toxicants. Various physico-chemical and biological treatments such as adsorption, coagulation-flocculation, photo-oxidation, solar-assisted extraction, anaerobic digestion, integrated anaerobic-aerobic, and microalgae cultivation has been investigated. This paper offers an overview of anaerobic technologies, with particular emphasis on advanced bioreactors and their prospects for industrial-level applications. To illustrate, palmitic acid and oleic acid, the precursors of fatty acid methyl ester found in POME pave the way to produce biodiesel with 91.45%. Although there are some challenges in attaining production at an economic scale, this review offers some opportunities that could help in overcoming these challenges.en_UK
dc.identifier.citationMeena A, Merrylin J, Banu R, et al., (2023) A review on the pollution assessment of hazardous materials and the resultant biorefinery products in Palm oil mill effluent, Environmental Pollution, Volume 328, July 2023, Article number 121525en_UK
dc.identifier.eissn1873-6424
dc.identifier.issn0269-7491
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121525
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/19651
dc.language.isoenen_UK
dc.publisherElsevieren_UK
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/*
dc.subjectSiloxanesen_UK
dc.subjectFatty acid methyl esteren_UK
dc.subjectChemical sensorsen_UK
dc.subjectBiological indicatorsen_UK
dc.subjectPhoto-oxidationen_UK
dc.subjectBiodieselen_UK
dc.titleA review on the pollution assessment of hazardous materials and the resultant biorefinery products in Palm oil mill effluenten_UK
dc.typeArticleen_UK

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