COVID-19 transmission inside a small passenger vessel: risks and mitigation

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dc.contributor.authorHuang, Luofeng
dc.contributor.authorRiyadi, Soegeng
dc.contributor.authorUtama, I.K.A.P.
dc.contributor.authorLi, Minghao
dc.contributor.authorSun, Peiyign
dc.contributor.authorThomas, Giles
dc.date.accessioned2022-05-23T12:20:46Z
dc.date.available2022-05-23T12:20:46Z
dc.date.issued2022-05-19
dc.description.abstractThe global shipping industry has been severely influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic; in particular, a significant amount of passenger transportation has been suspended due to the concern of COVID-19 outbreak, as such voyages confine a dense crowd in a compact space. In order to accelerate the recovery of the maritime business and minimise passengers' risk of being infected, this work has developed a computational model to study the airborne transmission of COVID-19 viruses in the superstructure of a full-scale passenger vessel. Considering the vessel advancing in open water, simulations were conducted to study the particulate flow due to an infected person coughing and speaking, with the forward door open and closed. The results suggest that keeping the forward door closed will help prevent the external wind flow spreading the virus. When the forward door is closed, virus particles' coverage is shown to be limited to a radius of half a metre, less than a seat's width. Thus, an alternate seat arrangement is suggested. Furthermore, investigations were conducted on the influence of wall-mounted Air Conditioner (AC) on the virus transmission, and it was found that controlling the AC outlet direction at less than 15° downward can effectively limit the virus spread. Meanwhile, it was demonstrated that an AC's backflow tends to gather virus particles in a nearby area, thus sitting farther from an opening AC may reduce the risk of being infected. Overall, this work is expected to inform hygienic guidelines for operators to counter COVID-19 and potentially similar viruses in the future.en_UK
dc.identifier.citationHuang L, Riyadi S, Utama I, et al., (2022) COVID-19 transmission inside a small passenger vessel: risks and mitigation, Ocean Engineering, Volume 255, July 2022, Article number 111486en_UK
dc.identifier.issn0029-8018
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.111486
dc.identifier.urihttp://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/17925
dc.language.isoenen_UK
dc.publisherElsevieren_UK
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 International*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/*
dc.subjectCOVID-19en_UK
dc.subjectPassenger vesselen_UK
dc.subjectVirusen_UK
dc.subjectAirborne transmissionen_UK
dc.subjectComputational fluid dynamicsen_UK
dc.subjectParticle modellingen_UK
dc.titleCOVID-19 transmission inside a small passenger vessel: risks and mitigationen_UK
dc.typeArticleen_UK

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