Characterization of full-scale carbon contactors for siloxane removal from biogas using online Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

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dc.contributor.authorHepburn, C. A.
dc.contributor.authorMartin, B. D.
dc.contributor.authorSimms, Nigel J.
dc.contributor.authorMcAdam, Ewan J.
dc.date.accessioned2016-06-08T10:46:03Z
dc.date.available2016-06-08T10:46:03Z
dc.date.issued2014-07-31
dc.description.abstractIn this study, online Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has been used to generate the first comprehensive characterization of full-scale carbon contactors for siloxane removal from biogas. Using FTIR, two clear operational regions within the exhaustion cycle were evidenced: an initial period of pseudo-steady state where the outlet siloxane concentration was consistently below the proposed siloxane limits; and a second period characterized by a progressive rise in outlet siloxane concentration during and after breakthrough. Due to the sharp breakthrough front identified, existing detection methods (which comprise field sampling coupled with laboratory-based chromatographic determination) are insufficiently responsive to define breakthrough, thus carbon contactors currently remain in service while providing limited protection to the combined heat and power engine. Integration of the exhaustion cycle to breakthrough identified average specific media capacities of 8.5–21.5 gsiloxane , which are lower than that has been reported for vapour phase granular activated carbon (GAC). Further speciation of the biogas phase identified co-separation of organic compounds (alkanes and aromatics), which will inevitably reduce siloxane capacity. However, comparison of the five full-scale contactors identified that greater media capacity was accessible through operating contactors at velocities sufficient to diminish axial dispersion effects. In addition to enabling significant insight into gas phase GAC contactors, the use of FTIR for online control of GAC for siloxane removal is also presented.en_UK
dc.identifier.citationHepburn, C. A. et al. (2014) Characterization of full-scale carbon contactors for siloxane removal from biogas using online Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Environmental Technology, Vol. 36, Iss. 2, pp. 178-187en_UK
dc.identifier.issn0959-3330
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2014.941310
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/9946
dc.language.isoenen_UK
dc.publisherTaylor & Francisen_UK
dc.rightsAttribution-Non-Commercial-No Derivatives 3.0 Unported (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0). You are free to: Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms. Under the following terms: Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. Information: Non-Commercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes. No Derivatives — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material. No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.en_UK
dc.rightsThis is a postprint of an article whose final and definitive form has been published in the Environmental Technology, 2015 [copyright Taylor & Francis]; Environmental Technology online at: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09593330.2014.941310 with the DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2014.941310en_UK
dc.subjectGACen_UK
dc.subjectAdsorptionen_UK
dc.subjectAnaerobic digestionen_UK
dc.subjectLandfillen_UK
dc.subjectCHPen_UK
dc.titleCharacterization of full-scale carbon contactors for siloxane removal from biogas using online Fourier transform infrared spectroscopyen_UK
dc.typeArticleen_UK

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