ANFO vapour detection with conducting polymer percolation network sensors and GC/MS

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dc.contributor.authorLefferts, Merel J.
dc.contributor.authorHumphreys, Lisa H.
dc.contributor.authorMai, Nathalie
dc.contributor.authorMurugappan, Krishnan
dc.contributor.authorArmitage, Ben I.
dc.contributor.authorPons, Jean-François
dc.contributor.authorCastell, Martin R.
dc.date.accessioned2021-02-17T15:20:55Z
dc.date.available2021-02-17T15:20:55Z
dc.date.issued2021-02-15
dc.description.abstractAmmonium nitrate mixed with fuel oil (ANFO) is commonly used in improvised explosive devices (IEDs). The development of ANFO vapour sensors that are small, inexpensive, and easy to use will enable widespread IED detection in the context of security and humanitarian demining. Because of concealment and the low vapour pressures of most explosive materials, achieving sufficiently high sensitivity and low limits of detection are some of the main challenges of explosives vapour detection. Here ANFO chemiresistive vapour sensors based on polypyrrole (PPy) percolation networks are presented and compared to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) results for ANFO. Improved sensitivities are achieved by using a polymer percolation network instead of a thin film for the gas sensors. Vapour concentrations are detected of 13–180 ppb of ammonia emitted by a variety of different ammonium nitrate-containing fertilisers and fertiliser-diesel mixtures.en_UK
dc.identifier.citationLefferts MJ, Humphreys LH, Mai N, et al., (2021) ANFO vapour detection with conducting polymer percolation network sensors and GC/MS. The Analyst, Volume 146, Issue 7, April 2021 pp. 2186-2193en_UK
dc.identifier.issn0003-2654
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1039/D0AN02403A
dc.identifier.urihttp://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/16363
dc.language.isoenen_UK
dc.publisherRoyal Society of Chemistryen_UK
dc.rightsAttribution 3.0 Unported*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/*
dc.titleANFO vapour detection with conducting polymer percolation network sensors and GC/MSen_UK
dc.typeArticleen_UK

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