Quantification of liquid phase faecal odourants to evaluate membrane technology for wastewater reuse from decentralised sanitation facilities

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dc.contributor.authorMercer, Edwina
dc.contributor.authorDavey, Christopher John
dc.contributor.authorCampo Moreno, Pablo
dc.contributor.authorFowler, Dawn
dc.contributor.authorWilliams, Leon
dc.contributor.authorKolios, Athanasios
dc.contributor.authorParker, Alison
dc.contributor.authorTyrrel, Sean
dc.contributor.authorWalton, Christopher
dc.contributor.authorCartmell, Elise
dc.contributor.authorPidou, Marc
dc.contributor.authorMcAdam, Ewan J.
dc.date.accessioned2018-12-05T12:24:17Z
dc.date.available2018-12-05T12:24:17Z
dc.date.issued2018-11-29
dc.description.abstractPublic willingness to use decentralised sanitation facilities or arising water products is discouraged due to malodour, preventing improved sanitation practices or water reuse opportunities in low income countries Whilst odour is characterised in the gas phase, it originates in the liquid phase. Consequently, controlling odour at source could prevent gas-phase partitioning and limit produced water contamination. This study therefore developed an analytical method for the quantitation of a range of liquid phase volatile organic compounds (VOCs) classified into eight chemical groups, known to be primary indicators of faecal odour, to provide characterisation of real fluids and to permit evaluation of several potential membrane separation technologies for liquid phase odourant separation. The gas chromatography mass spectrometry method provided quantitation in the range of 0.005 mg L-1 to 100 mg L-1 with instrument detection limits ranging from 0.005 mg L-1 to 0.124 mg L-1. Linear calibration curves were achieved (r2 >0.99) with acceptable accuracy (77-115%) and precision (<15%) for quantitation in the calibration range below 1 mg L 1, and good accuracy (98-104%) and precision (<2%) determined for calibration in the range 1-100 mg L-1. Pre-concentration of real samples was facilitated via solid phase extraction. Subsequent application of the method to the evaluation of two thermally driven membranes based on hydrophilic (polyvinyl alcohol) and hydrophobic (polydimethylsiloxane) polymers evidenced contrasting separation profiles. Importantly, this study demonstrates the methods utility for liquid phase VOC determination which is of use to a range of disciplines, including healthcare professionals, taste and odour specialists and public health engineers.en_UK
dc.identifier.citationMercer E, Davey CJ, Campo-Moreno P, et al., Quantification of liquid phase faecal odourants to evaluate membrane technology for wastewater reuse from decentralised sanitation facilities. Environmental Science: Water Research and Technology, Volume 5, Issue 1, 2019, pp. 161-171en_UK
dc.identifier.issn2053-1400
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1039/C8EW00693H
dc.identifier.urihttp://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/13696
dc.language.isoenen_UK
dc.publisherRoyal Society of Chemistryen_UK
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/*
dc.subjectwastewateren_UK
dc.subjecttasteen_UK
dc.subjectsewageen_UK
dc.subjectpervaporationen_UK
dc.subjectmembrane distillationen_UK
dc.subjectpit latrineen_UK
dc.titleQuantification of liquid phase faecal odourants to evaluate membrane technology for wastewater reuse from decentralised sanitation facilitiesen_UK
dc.typeArticleen_UK

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