Unlocking the potential of pulp and paper industry to achieve carbon-negative emissions via calcium looping retrofit

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dc.contributor.authorSantos, Mónica P. S.
dc.contributor.authorManovic, Vasilije
dc.contributor.authorHanak, Dawid P.
dc.date.accessioned2021-01-06T15:15:57Z
dc.date.available2021-01-06T15:15:57Z
dc.date.issued2020-09-30
dc.description.abstractPulp and paper is considered to be the fourth most energy-intensive industry (EII) worldwide. However, as most of the CO2 emissions are of biomass origin, this sector has the potential to become a carbon-negative industry. This study proposes a new concept for conversion of the pulp and paper industry to carbon negative that relies on the inherent CO2 capture capability of the Kraft process. The techno-economic performance of the proposed carbon-negative system, based on calcium looping (CaL) retrofitted to a pulp and paper plant, was evaluated. The effect of CaL design specifications and cost assumptions on the thermodynamic and economic performance were evaluated. Under the initial design assumptions, the reference pulp and paper plant was shown to turn from electricity importer to electricity exporter with the cost of CO2 avoided equal to 39.0 €/tCO2. The parametric study showed that an increase in the fresh limestone make-up rate resulted in a linear increase of the specific primary energy consumption for CO2 avoided (SPECCA) and a reduction in the amount of electricity exported to the electric grid. This translates into an increase in the price of pulp and newsprint, and the cost of CO2 avoided. This study has also demonstrated that the pulp and paper industry has high potential to become carbon negative. It has been shown that carbon capture and storage would become economically viable in this industry if the negative CO2 emissions are recognised and a negative CO2 emissions credit of at least 41.8 €/tCO2 is implemented.en_UK
dc.identifier.citationSantos MP, Manovic V, Hanak DP. (2021) Unlocking the potential of pulp and paper industry to achieve carbon-negative emissions via calcium looping retrofit. Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 280, Part 1, January 2021, Article number 124431.en_UK
dc.identifier.issn0959-6526
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124431
dc.identifier.urihttp://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/16130
dc.language.isoenen_UK
dc.publisherElsevieren_UK
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 International*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/*
dc.subjectNegative CO2 emissions crediten_UK
dc.subjectTechno-economic analysisen_UK
dc.subjectCarbon captureen_UK
dc.subjectCalcium loopingen_UK
dc.subjectPulp and paperen_UK
dc.titleUnlocking the potential of pulp and paper industry to achieve carbon-negative emissions via calcium looping retrofiten_UK
dc.typeArticleen_UK

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