Planning and communicating prototype tests for the Nano Membrane Toilet: A critical review and proposed strategy

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dc.contributor.authorHennigs, Jan
dc.contributor.authorParker, Alison
dc.contributor.authorCollins, Matt
dc.contributor.authorJiang, Ying
dc.contributor.authorKolios, Athanasios
dc.contributor.authorMcAdam, Ewan J.
dc.contributor.authorWilliams, Leon
dc.date.accessioned2020-02-04T12:12:42Z
dc.date.available2020-02-04T12:12:42Z
dc.date.issued2019-08-30
dc.description.abstractUrban sanitation in growing cities of the Global South presents particular challenges. This led to the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation’s Reinvent The Toilet Challenge, which sparked the development of various non-sewered sanitation technologies like the Nano Membrane Toilet. Complex disruptive technologies like this entail an extensive product development process, including various types of prototype tests. While there is an abundance of literature discussing how to build prototypes, and the optimal number of tests, there has been little focus on how to plan and conduct tests, especially in a development endeavour of this complexity. Four approaches to testing are reviewed, and their strengths and weaknesses compared. A visualised testing strategy is proposed that encompasses the entire product development process and can be used to plan and communicate prototype tests for the Nano Membrane Toilet to ultimately achieve compliance with international standards.en_UK
dc.identifier.citationHennigs J, Parker A, Collins M, et al., (2019) Planning and communicating prototype tests for the Nano Membrane Toilet: A critical review and proposed strategy. Gates Open Research, Volume 3, Article number 1532en_UK
dc.identifier.issn2572-4754
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.13057.1
dc.identifier.urihttp://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/15086
dc.language.isoenen_UK
dc.publisherGates Open Researchen_UK
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 International*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/*
dc.subjectprototypingen_UK
dc.subjectreinvent the toileten_UK
dc.subjecttestingen_UK
dc.subjectwaterless sanitationen_UK
dc.titlePlanning and communicating prototype tests for the Nano Membrane Toilet: A critical review and proposed strategyen_UK
dc.typeArticleen_UK

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