Cladosporium species: the predominant species present on raspberries from the U.K. and Spain and their ability to cause skin and stigmata infections

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dc.contributor.authorFarwell, Lauren Helen
dc.contributor.authorDeakin, Greg
dc.contributor.authorHarris, Adrian Lee
dc.contributor.authorFagg, Georgina
dc.contributor.authorPassey, Thomas
dc.contributor.authorVerheecke-Vaessen, Carol
dc.contributor.authorMagan, Naresh
dc.contributor.authorXu, Xiangming
dc.date.accessioned2023-02-01T14:29:06Z
dc.date.available2023-02-01T14:29:06Z
dc.date.issued2023-01-17
dc.description.abstractRaspberry (Rosales: Rosaceae) production in the U.K. has moved rapidly in the last 10 years to under polythene, combined with a reduced availability of broad-spectrum fungicides. Hence, the incidence of previously less prevalent diseases, such as Cladosporium (Capnodiales: Cladosporiaceae), has largely increased. This study aimed to identify the predominant Cladosporium species on raspberry and to understand the nature of its infection on raspberry fruit. Raspberries were collected from farms across the U.K. and Spain and incubated; fungal isolates were then isolated from typical Cladosporium lesions and identified to the species level based on the sequences of the trans elongation factor α and actin genes. Cladosporium cladosporioides (Fres) de Vries was confirmed as the predominant species responsible for infecting raspberry fruit close to harvest on fruit from the U.K. and Spain, being present on 41.5% of U.K. fruit and 84.6% of Spanish fruit. Raspberries were subsequently inoculated at different developmental stages with C. cladosporioides isolates to determine the susceptibility to Cladosporium skin lesions and stigmata infections in relation to the developmental stage. Only the ripening and ripe raspberries were susceptible to Cladosporium, resulting in skin lesions. Cladosporium can colonise the stigmata of raspberries earlier in fruit development and future research is required to determine if such stigmata infections could cause subsequent skin lesion infections. This study has provided the necessary epidemiological information to develop effective management measures against the Cladosporium species.en_UK
dc.description.sponsorshipBiotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC): BB/T509073/1en_UK
dc.identifier.citationFarwell LH, Deakin G, Harris AL, et al., (2023) Cladosporium species: the predominant species present on raspberries from the U.K. and Spain and their ability to cause skin and stigmata infections, Horticulturae, Volume 9, Issue 2, January 2023, Article number 128en_UK
dc.identifier.issn2311-7524
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9020128
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/19084
dc.language.isoenen_UK
dc.publisherMDPIen_UK
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 International*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/*
dc.subjectRubus ideausen_UK
dc.subjectepidemiologyen_UK
dc.subjectinoculationen_UK
dc.subjectstigmaen_UK
dc.subjectphylogeneticsen_UK
dc.subjectsusceptibilityen_UK
dc.subjectordinal regressionen_UK
dc.titleCladosporium species: the predominant species present on raspberries from the U.K. and Spain and their ability to cause skin and stigmata infectionsen_UK
dc.typeArticleen_UK

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