Managing non-sewered human waste using thermochemical waste treatment technologies: a review

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dc.contributor.authorBeik, Farhad
dc.contributor.authorWilliams, Leon
dc.contributor.authorBrown, Tim
dc.contributor.authorWagland, Stuart T.
dc.date.accessioned2022-01-03T12:10:14Z
dc.date.available2022-01-03T12:10:14Z
dc.date.issued2021-11-17
dc.description.abstractThe utilisation of micro-scale thermal treatment technologies for non-sewered applications has been emerging as a prominent route for the safe treatment and disposal of high water content hazardous feedstock. This study provides a comprehensive review of the technological concepts practiced up to date in commercial/pilot and small scales for various types of solid fuels. The respective challenges are critically described and discussed to aid in the selection of promising technology for on-site sanitary applications. Furthermore, the challenges observed with the nominated (pyrolysis) technology are discussed in detail and addressed. This study suggests rapid energy recovery from by-products primarily made up of the highest yield of syngas with a desirable calorific value. The optimum operating ranges are discussed to ensure a reliable thermal conversion of sludge materials considering the application constraints and technology drawbacks. However, further studies are needed to investigate the uncertainties regarding emissions, energy consumption and overall associated costs.en_UK
dc.identifier.citationBeik F, Williams L, Brown T, Wagland ST. (2021) Managing non-sewered human waste using thermochemical waste treatment technologies: a review, Energies, Volume 14, issue 22, November 2021, Article number 7689en_UK
dc.identifier.issn1996-1073
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/en14227689
dc.identifier.urihttp://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/17357
dc.language.isoenen_UK
dc.publisherMDPIen_UK
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 International*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/*
dc.subjectsewage sludgeen_UK
dc.subjectfaecalen_UK
dc.subjectcombustionen_UK
dc.subjectgasificationen_UK
dc.subjectpyrolysisen_UK
dc.subjectthermochemical conversionen_UK
dc.subjectsyngasen_UK
dc.subjectbio-oilen_UK
dc.titleManaging non-sewered human waste using thermochemical waste treatment technologies: a reviewen_UK
dc.typeArticleen_UK

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