Effect of turbidity on water disinfection by chlorination with the emphasis on humic acids and chalk

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dc.contributor.authorLéziar, Tangui
dc.contributor.authorDutheil de la Rochere, Pierre-Marie
dc.contributor.authorCheswick, Ryan
dc.contributor.authorJarvis, Peter
dc.contributor.authorNocker, Andreas
dc.date.accessioned2019-07-15T10:02:54Z
dc.date.available2019-07-15T10:02:54Z
dc.date.issued2019-03-21
dc.description.abstractChlorine is globally the most widely used chemical for water disinfection. Whereas disinfection efficiency is well known to depend on water pH and temperature, the effect of turbidity is less well studied. Although turbidity is measured online in most drinking water works and most countries where regulations exist have set limits of <1 NTU for water leaving the works, the composition of turbidity is typically unknown. Given the heterogeneous nature of substances contributing to turbidity, the aim of this work was to study the effect of selected compounds on chlorination efficacy. The effect of humic acids and chalk on the inactivation of the indicator bacteria Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis was assessed at neutral pH at different turbidity levels using both plate counting and flow cytometry in combination with membrane integrity staining. For humic acids, a turbidity of 1 NTU (corresponding to 2 mg L−1) was identified as a critical threshold, which when exceeded was found to have a negative impact on chlorine disinfection. Chalk, on the other hand, had no measurable impact up to 5 NTU. The observation applied to both bacterial species with identical conclusions from the two diagnostic methods. Results corroborate that different turbidity causing substances affect chlorination efficiency to very different extents with chlorine demand by organic material probably being the most important determinant. In the case of turbidities >1 NTU, turbidity measurement benefits from the consideration of the organic content as mere NTU values do not allow predicting an impact on chlorination efficiency.en_UK
dc.identifier.citationLéziart T, Dutheil de la Rochere PM, Cheswick R, et al., (2019) Effect of turbidity on water disinfection by chlorination with the emphasis on humic acids and chalk. Environmental Technology, Volume 40, Issue 13, 2019, pp.1734-1743en_UK
dc.identifier.issn0959-3330
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2019.1585480
dc.identifier.urihttp://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/14341
dc.language.isoenen_UK
dc.publisherTaylor and Francisen_UK
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/*
dc.subjectTurbidityen_UK
dc.subjectdrinking wateren_UK
dc.subjectchlorine disinfectionen_UK
dc.subjectflow cytometryen_UK
dc.subjectbacteriaen_UK
dc.titleEffect of turbidity on water disinfection by chlorination with the emphasis on humic acids and chalken_UK
dc.typeArticleen_UK

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