Trihalomethanes in drinking water and bladder cancer burden in the European Union

Simple item page
dc.contributor.authorEvlampidou, Iro
dc.contributor.authorFont-Ribera, Laia
dc.contributor.authorRojas-Rueda, David
dc.contributor.authorGracia-Lavedan, Esther
dc.contributor.authorCostet, Nathalie
dc.contributor.authorPearce, Neil
dc.contributor.authorVineis, Paolo
dc.contributor.authorJaakkola, Jouni J.K.
dc.contributor.authorDelloye, Francis
dc.contributor.authorMakris, Konstantinos C.
dc.contributor.authorStephanou, Euripides G.
dc.contributor.authorKargaki, Sophia
dc.contributor.authorKozisek, Frantisek
dc.contributor.authorSigsgaard, Torben
dc.contributor.authorHansen, Birgitte
dc.contributor.authorSchullehner, Jörg
dc.contributor.authorNahkur, Ramon
dc.contributor.authorGaley, Catherine
dc.contributor.authorZwiener, Christian
dc.date.accessioned2020-03-06T12:54:40Z
dc.date.available2020-03-06T12:54:40Z
dc.date.issued2020-01-15
dc.description.abstractBackground: Trihalomethanes (THMs) are widespread disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water, and long-term exposure has been consistently associated with increased bladder cancer risk. Objective: We assessed THM levels in drinking water in the European Union as a marker of DBP exposure and estimated the attributable burden of bladder cancer. Methods: We collected recent annual mean THM levels in municipal drinking water in 28 European countries (EU28) from routine monitoring records. We estimated a linear exposure–response function for average residential THM levels and bladder cancer by pooling data from studies included in the largest international pooled analysis published to date in order to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for bladder cancer associated with the mean THM level in each country (relative to no exposure), population-attributable fraction (PAF), and number of attributable bladder cancer cases in different scenarios using incidence rates and population from the Global Burden of Disease study of 2016. Results: We obtained 2005–2018 THM data from EU26, covering 75% of the population. Data coverage and accuracy were heterogeneous among countries. The estimated population-weighted mean THM level was 11.7μg/L [standard deviation (SD) of 11.2]. The estimated bladder cancer PAF was 4.9% [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.5, 7.1] overall (range: 0–23%), accounting for 6,561 (95% CI: 3,389, 9,537) bladder cancer cases per year. Denmark and the Netherlands had the lowest PAF (0.0% each), while Cyprus (23.2%), Malta (17.9%), and Ireland (17.2%) had the highest among EU26. In the scenario where no country would exceed the current EU mean, 2,868 (95% CI: 1,522, 4,060; 43%) annual attributable bladder cancer cases could potentially be avoided. Discussion: Efforts have been made to reduce THM levels in the European Union. However, assuming a causal association, current levels in certain countries still could lead to a considerable burden of bladder cancer that could potentially be avoided by optimizing water treatment, disinfection, and distribution practices, among other possible measures. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP4495en_UK
dc.identifier.citationEvlampidou I, Font-Ribera L, Rojas-Rueda D, et al., (2020) Trihalomethanes in drinking water and bladder cancer burden in the European Union. Environmental Health Perspectives, Volume 128, Issue 1, 2020, Article number 017001en_UK
dc.identifier.cris26378173
dc.identifier.issn0091-6765
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1289/EHP4495
dc.identifier.urihttp://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/15245
dc.language.isoenen_UK
dc.publisherNational Institute of Environmental Health Sciencesen_UK
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 International*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/*
dc.titleTrihalomethanes in drinking water and bladder cancer burden in the European Unionen_UK
dc.typeArticleen_UK

Files

Original bundle
Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
Thumbnail Image
Name:
Trihalomethanes_in_drinking_water_and_bladder_cancer_burden-2020.pdf
Size:
3.18 MB
Format:
Adobe Portable Document Format
Description:
Download
License bundle
Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
No Thumbnail Available
Name:
license.txt
Size:
1.63 KB
Format:
Item-specific license agreed upon to submission
Description:
Download

Collections

Staff publications (SWEE)