Online energy management of a hybrid fuel cell vehicle considering the performance variation of the power sources

This study investigates the impact of battery and fuel cell (FC) degradation on energy management of a FC hybrid electric vehicle. In this respect, an online energy management strategy (EMS) is proposed considering simultaneous online adaptation of battery and FC models. The EMS is based on quadratic programming which is integrated into an online battery and proton exchange membrane FC (PEMFC) parameters identification. Considering the battery and PEMFC states of health, three scenarios have been considered for the EMS purpose, and the performance of the proposed EMS has been examined under two driving cycles. Numerous test scenarios using standard driving cycles reveal that the ageing of battery and PEMFC has a considerable impact on the hydrogen consumption. Moreover, the proposed EMS can successfully tackle the model uncertainties owing to the performance drifts of the power sources at the mentioned scenarios.