The identification of non-driving activities with associated implication on the take-over process

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dc.contributor.authorYang, Lichao
dc.contributor.authorSemiromi, Mahdi Babayi
dc.contributor.authorXing, Yang
dc.contributor.authorLv, Chen
dc.contributor.authorBrighton, James
dc.contributor.authorZhao, Yifan
dc.date.accessioned2022-01-06T10:03:55Z
dc.date.available2022-01-06T10:03:55Z
dc.date.issued2021-12-22
dc.description.abstractIn conditionally automated driving, the engagement of non-driving activities (NDAs) can be regarded as the main factor that affects the driver’s take-over performance, the investigation of which is of great importance to the design of an intelligent human–machine interface for a safe and smooth control transition. This paper introduces a 3D convolutional neural network-based system to recognize six types of driver behaviour (four types of NDAs and two types of driving activities) through two video feeds based on head and hand movement. Based on the interaction of driver and object, the selected NDAs are divided into active mode and passive mode. The proposed recognition system achieves 85.87% accuracy for the classification of six activities. The impact of NDAs on the perspective of the driver’s situation awareness and take-over quality in terms of both activity type and interaction mode is further investigated. The results show that at a similar level of achieved maximum lateral error, the engagement of NDAs demands more time for drivers to accomplish the control transition, especially for the active mode NDAs engagement, which is more mentally demanding and reduces drivers’ sensitiveness to the driving situation change. Moreover, the haptic feedback torque from the steering wheel could help to reduce the time of the transition process, which can be regarded as a productive assistance system for the take-over process.en_UK
dc.description.sponsorshipEngineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) EP/R511511/1en_UK
dc.identifier.citationYang L, Semiromi MB, Xing Y, et al., (2021) The identification of non-driving activities with associated implication on the take-over process, Sensors, Volume 22, Issue 1, December 2021, Article number 42en_UK
dc.identifier.eissn1424-8220
dc.identifier.issn1424-8220
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/s22010042
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/17369
dc.language.isoenen_UK
dc.publisherMDPIen_UK
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 International*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/*
dc.subjectnon-driving related activity (NDRA) classificationen_UK
dc.subjectlevel 3 automationen_UK
dc.subject3D CNNen_UK
dc.subjecttake-over transitionen_UK
dc.subjectsituation awarenessen_UK
dc.titleThe identification of non-driving activities with associated implication on the take-over processen_UK
dc.typeArticleen_UK

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