Chlorine disinfection of drinking water assessed by flow cytometry: new insights

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dc.contributor.authorCheswick, Ryan
dc.contributor.authorMoore, Graeme
dc.contributor.authorNocker, Andreas
dc.contributor.authorHassard, Francis
dc.contributor.authorJefferson, Bruce
dc.contributor.authorJarvis, Peter
dc.date.accessioned2021-04-26T17:06:35Z
dc.date.available2021-04-26T17:06:35Z
dc.date.issued2020-07-10
dc.description.abstractThe efficacy of chlorine disinfection was assessed for the first time over a range of disinfection conditions using flow cytometry (FCM) to provide new insights into disinfection processes. Inactivation was assessed for pure culture bacteria (Escherichia coli) and micro-organisms in real treated water from operational water treatment works (WTWs). A dose dependent increase in inactivation rate (k) was observed for both test matrices, with values of 0.03 to 0.26 and 0.32 to 3.14 L/mg min for the WTW bacteria and E. coli, respectively. After 2 min, E. coli was reduced by 2 log for all chlorine doses (0.12 to 1.00 mg/L). In the case of the WTW filtrate bacteria, after 2 min log reductions were between 0.54 and 1.14 with increasing chlorine concentration, reaching between 1.32 and 2.33 after 30 min. A decrease in disinfection efficacy was observed as temperature decreased from 19 to 5 °C for both microbial populations. With respect to chlorination at different pH (pH 6, 7, 8), membrane damage was more pronounced at higher pH. This was not consistent with the higher disinfection efficacy seen at lower pH. when culture based methods are used to assess bacterial reductions. This provides evidence that more understanding into the fundamental mechanisms of chlorine disinfection are required and that methodological alterations may be required (e.g. pH standardisation) to fully utilise FCM over the entire range of chlorination conditions observed in operational environmentsen_UK
dc.identifier.citationCheswick R, Moore G, Nocker A, et al. (2020) Chlorine disinfection of drinking water assessed by flow cytometry: new insights. Environmental Technology and Innovation, Volume 19, August 2020, Article number 101032en_UK
dc.identifier.issn2352-1864
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2020.101032
dc.identifier.urihttp://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/16617
dc.language.isoenen_UK
dc.publisherElsevieren_UK
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/*
dc.subjectEscherichia colien_UK
dc.subjectDisinfectionen_UK
dc.subjectChlorinationen_UK
dc.subjectBacteriaen_UK
dc.subjectFlow cytometryen_UK
dc.subjectDrinking wateren_UK
dc.titleChlorine disinfection of drinking water assessed by flow cytometry: new insightsen_UK
dc.typeArticleen_UK

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