Desulfurization using limestone during sludge incineration in a fluidized bed furnace: Increased risk of particulate matter and heavy metal emissions

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dc.contributor.authorZha, Jianrui
dc.contributor.authorHuang, Yaji
dc.contributor.authorClough, Peter T.
dc.contributor.authorDong, Lu
dc.contributor.authorXu, Ligang
dc.contributor.authorZhu, Zhicheng
dc.contributor.authorYu, Mengzhu
dc.date.accessioned2020-08-04T15:06:23Z
dc.date.available2020-08-04T15:06:23Z
dc.date.issued2020-04-03
dc.description.abstractIncineration of sludge can be an effective method to minimise waste whilst producing useful heat. However, incineration can cause secondary pollution issues due to the emission of SO2, therefore a set of experiments of sludge incineration in a bubble bed furnace were conducted with limestone addition to study desulfurization of sludge incineration flue gas. As expected, over 93% emission of SO2 was reduced with limestone addition, and that of CO and NOx were increased and decreased respectively when the fuel feeding rate raised. The distribution of fly ash was also increased by raising the fuel feeding rate due to increasing fragmentation of the ash. However, distributions of PM2.5 and heavy metals in submicron particles have dramatically increased with limestone desulfurization. The mechanism was revealed by SEM and EDS statistical analysis, indicating that the reaction between aluminosilicate and calcium made particles agglomerate and eutectic mixtures form, these larger ash particles were found to divide between collection as cyclone ash and fragmentation into finer particles that bypassed the cyclone. Those fine particles provided more surface area for heavy metal condensation. Furthermore, it was found that the reaction mechanism for semi-volatile metals involved them being released from the sludge and forming PM1 particles due to the vaporization-condensation mechanism, leading to higher emission of PM1 and distribution of heavy metals in PM1. Thus, it should be considered that there may actually be higher emission risks of PM and heavy metal emissions when aiming to desulfurize a flue gas using Ca-based minerals in certain circumstancesen_UK
dc.identifier.citationZha J, Huang Y, Clough PT, et al., (2020) Desulfurization using limestone during sludge incineration in a fluidized bed furnace: Increased risk of particulate matter and heavy metal emissions. Fuel, Volume 273, August 2020, Article number 117614en_UK
dc.identifier.issn0016-2361
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.117614
dc.identifier.urihttp://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/15635
dc.language.isoenen_UK
dc.publisherElsevieren_UK
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/*
dc.subjectHeavy metalsen_UK
dc.subjectParticulate matteren_UK
dc.subjectLimestone desulfurizationen_UK
dc.subjectFluidized beden_UK
dc.subjectSludge incinerationen_UK
dc.titleDesulfurization using limestone during sludge incineration in a fluidized bed furnace: Increased risk of particulate matter and heavy metal emissionsen_UK
dc.typeArticleen_UK

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