Techno-economic analysis of sidestream ammonia removal technologies: biological options versus thermal stripping

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dc.contributor.authorOchs, Pascal
dc.contributor.authorMartin, Ben
dc.contributor.authorGermain-Cripps, Eve
dc.contributor.authorStephenson, Tom
dc.contributor.authorvan Loosdrecht, Mark
dc.contributor.authorSoares, Ana
dc.date.accessioned2022-12-14T10:39:03Z
dc.date.available2022-12-14T10:39:03Z
dc.date.issued2022-11-22
dc.description.abstractOver the past twenty years, various commercial technologies have been deployed to remove ammonia (NH4–N) from anaerobic digestion (AD) liquors. In recent years many anaerobic digesters have been upgraded to include a pre-treatment, such as the thermal hydrolysis process (THP), to produce more biogas, increasing NH4–N concentrations in the liquors are costly to treat. This study provides a comparative techno-economic assessment of sidestream technologies to remove NH4–N from conventional AD and THP/AD dewatering liquors: a deammonification continuous stirred tank reactor (PNA), a nitrification/denitrification sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and thermal ammonia stripping process with an ammonia scrubber (STRIP). The SBR and PNA were based on full-scale data, whereas the STRIP was designed using a computational approach to achieve NH4–N removals of 90–95%. The PNA presented the lowest whole-life cost (WLC) over 40 years, with £7.7 M, while the STRIP had a WLC of £43.9 M. This study identified that THP dewatering liquors, and thus a higher ammonia load, can lead to a 1.5–3.0 times increase in operational expenditure with the PNA and the SBR. Furthermore, this study highlighted that deammonification is a capable and cost-effective nitrogen removal technology. Processes like the STRIP respond to current pressures faced by the water industry on ammonia recovery together with targets to reduce nitrous oxide emissions. Nevertheless, ammonia striping-based processes must further be demonstrated in WWTPs and WLC reduced to grant their wide implementation and replace existing technologies.en_UK
dc.identifier.citationOchs P, Martin B, Germain-Cripps E, et al., (2023) Techno-economic analysis of sidestream ammonia removal technologies: biological options versus thermal stripping. Environmental Science and Ecotechnology, Volume 13, January 2023, Article number 100220en_UK
dc.identifier.issn2666-4984
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.ese.2022.100220
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/18809
dc.language.isoenen_UK
dc.publisherElsevieren_UK
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 International*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/*
dc.subjectDeammonificationen_UK
dc.subjectNitrificationen_UK
dc.subjectDenitrificationen_UK
dc.subjectWastewateren_UK
dc.subjectSludge dewatering liquorsen_UK
dc.titleTechno-economic analysis of sidestream ammonia removal technologies: biological options versus thermal strippingen_UK
dc.typeArticleen_UK

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