Overview of the Antarctic circumnavigation expedition: study of preindustrial-like aerosols and their climate effects (ACE-SPACE)

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dc.contributor.authorSchmale, Julia
dc.contributor.authorBaccarini, Andrea
dc.contributor.authorThurnherr, Iris
dc.contributor.authorHenning, Silvia
dc.contributor.authorEfraim, Avichay
dc.contributor.authorRegayre, Leighton
dc.contributor.authorBolas, Conor
dc.contributor.authorHartmann, Markus
dc.contributor.authorWelti, André
dc.contributor.authorLehtipalo, Katrianne
dc.contributor.authorAemisegger, Franziska
dc.contributor.authorTatzelt, Christian
dc.contributor.authorLandwehr, Sebastian
dc.contributor.authorModini, Robin l.
dc.contributor.authorTummon, Fiona
dc.contributor.authorJohnson, Jill S.
dc.contributor.authorHarris, Neil R. P.
dc.contributor.authorSchnaiter, Martin
dc.contributor.authorToffoli, Alessandro
dc.contributor.authorDerkani, Marzieh
dc.contributor.authorBukowiecki, Nicolas
dc.contributor.authorStratmann, Frank
dc.contributor.authorDommen, Josef
dc.contributor.authorBaltensperger, Urs
dc.contributor.authorWernli, Heini
dc.contributor.authorRosenfeld, Daniel
dc.contributor.authorGysel-Beer, Martin
dc.contributor.authorCarslaw, Ken S.
dc.date.accessioned2019-12-03T11:54:08Z
dc.date.available2019-12-03T11:54:08Z
dc.date.issued2019-07-02
dc.description.abstractAerosol characteristics over the Southern Ocean are surprisingly heterogeneous because of the distinct regional dynamics and marine microbial regimes. Satellite observations and model simulations underestimate the abundance of cloud condensation nuclei. Uncertainty in radiative forcing caused by aerosol-cloud interactions is about twice as large as for CO2 and remains the least well-understood anthropogenic contribution to climate change. A major cause of uncertainty is the poorly-quantified state of aerosols in the pristine-preindustrial atmosphere, which defines the baseline against which anthropogenic effects are calculated. The Southern Ocean is one of the few remaining near-pristine aerosol environments on Earth, but there are very few measurements to evaluate models. The Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition: Study of Preindustrial-like Aerosols and their Climate Effects (ACE-SPACE) took place between December 2016 and March 2017 and covered the entire Southern Ocean region (Indian, Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, ship track > 33,000 km) including previously unexplored areas. In situ measurements covered aerosol characteristics (e.g., chemical composition, size distributions, and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) number concentrations), trace gases and meteorological variables. Remote sensing observations of cloud properties, the physical and microbial ocean state, as well as back trajectory analyses are used to interpret the in situ data. The contribution of sea spray to CCN in the westerly wind belt can be larger than 50%. The abundance of methanesulfonic acid indicates local and regional microbial influence on CCN abundance in Antarctic coastal waters and in the open ocean. We use the in situ data to evaluate simulated CCN concentrations from a global aerosol model. The extensive, available ACE-SPACE dataset (https://zenodo.org/communities/spi-ace?page=1&size=20) provides an unprecedented opportunity to evaluate models and to reduce the uncertainty in radiative forcing associated with the natural processes of aerosol emission, formation, transport and processing occurring over the pristine Southern Ocean.en_UK
dc.identifier.citationSchmale J, Baccarini A, Thurnherr I, et al., Overview of the Antarctic circumnavigation expedition: study of preindustrial-like aerosols and their climate effects (ACE-SPACE). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Volume 100, Issue 11, November 2019, pp. 2260-2283en_UK
dc.identifier.issn0003-0007
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0187.1
dc.identifier.urihttp://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/14791
dc.language.isoenen_UK
dc.publisherAmerican Meteorological Societyen_UK
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/*
dc.titleOverview of the Antarctic circumnavigation expedition: study of preindustrial-like aerosols and their climate effects (ACE-SPACE)en_UK
dc.typeArticleen_UK

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