β-Grain refinement in WAAM Ti-6Al-4 V processed with inter-pass ultrasonic impact peening

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dc.contributor.authorSahu, Vivek K
dc.contributor.authorBiswal, Romali
dc.contributor.authorDavis, Alec E
dc.contributor.authorChen, Xin
dc.contributor.authorWilliams, Stewart W
dc.contributor.authorPrangnell, PB
dc.date.accessioned2024-10-16T12:24:08Z
dc.date.available2024-10-16T12:24:08Z
dc.date.freetoread2024-10-16
dc.date.issued2024-12
dc.date.pubOnline2024-09-15
dc.description.abstractAs-deposited Wire-Arc Additive Manufactured (WAAM) Ti-6Al-4V parts typically contain large columnar β-grains on a centimetre scale, with a strong 〈001〉 fibre texture, leading to anisotropic mechanical properties and unacceptable scatter in damage tolerance. Inter-pass deformation, introduced by the application of Ultrasonic Impact Peening (UIP) across each added layer, has been shown to be effective in refining the β-grain structure and achieving a weaker texture. The depth of deformation and the grain refinement mechanism induced by UIP have been investigated by combining advanced electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) characterization with a ‘stop action’ observation technique. UIP facilitates a similar refinement mechanism and nearly the same depth of deformation as conventional machine hammer peening, with the advantages of a much higher strain rate, lower peak force, and two orders of magnitude lower impact energy, making it a faster and more economical process. β recrystallization is seen within the deformation zone during re-heating through the α → β transition. Although new recrystallized β-grains formed in the UIP surface-deformed layer to a shallower depth than that of remelting, recrystallization initiated ahead of the melt pool and the recrystallized grains grew downwards to a greater depth before remelting. These refined grains were thus able to survive and act as nucleation sites at the fusion boundary for epitaxial regrowth during solidification, greatly refining the grain structure.
dc.description.journalNameMaterialia
dc.description.sponsorshipThe authors are grateful to the EPSRC programme grants NEWAM (EP/R027218/1) for funding of the research, as well as to LightForm (EP/R001715/1) and facilities provide by the Henry Royce Institute for Advanced Materials, through Royce equipment grant (EP/P025021/1), for supporting aspects of this work. P.B. Prangnell is grateful to the Royal Academy of Engineering, UK, and Airbus for financial support.
dc.identifier.citationSahu VK, Biswal R, Davis AE, et al., (2024) β-Grain refinement in WAAM Ti-6Al-4 V processed with inter-pass ultrasonic impact peening. Materialia, Volume 38, December 2024, Article number 102236
dc.identifier.eissn2589-1529
dc.identifier.elementsID553350
dc.identifier.issn2589-1529
dc.identifier.paperNo102236
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102236
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/23051
dc.identifier.volumeNo38
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.publisher.urihttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2589152924002333?via%3Dihub
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectUltrasonic impact peening
dc.subjectWire-arc additive manufacturing
dc.subjectTitanium alloys
dc.subjectBeta grain refinement
dc.subjectLarge area EBSD large area EBSD
dc.subject40 Engineering
dc.subject4016 Materials Engineering
dc.subject3403 Macromolecular and materials chemistry
dc.subject4016 Materials engineering
dc.titleβ-Grain refinement in WAAM Ti-6Al-4 V processed with inter-pass ultrasonic impact peening
dc.typeArticle
dc.type.subtypeJournal Article
dcterms.dateAccepted2024-09-14

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