The effect of fabric mass per unit area and blood impact velocity on bloodstain morphology

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dc.contributor.authorDicken, Anthony
dc.contributor.authorKnock, Clare
dc.contributor.authorBeckett, Sophie
dc.contributor.authorCarr, Debra J.
dc.date.accessioned2019-05-20T14:08:46Z
dc.date.available2019-05-20T14:08:46Z
dc.date.issued2019-05-09
dc.description.abstractThis paper discusses the effects of thickness, mass per unit area, sett, yarn linear density and twist of calico fabrics (100% cotton, plain woven) on the morphology of passive bloodstains. Horse blood was dropped vertically onto three calico fabrics with different mass per unit areas (85.1 g/m², 163.5 g/m² and 224.6 g/m²). Six different impact velocities were used (1.7 ms-1, 2.9 ms-1, 4.1 ms-1, 4.9 ms-1, 5.1 ms-1 and 5.4 ms-1). The dry bloodstains were largest on the calico with the lightest mass per unit area. The low yarn linear density and large inter-yarn spaces meant that the blood could wick into the yarns from all directions and along the intra-yarn spaces. The calico with the middle mass per unit area had the smallest mean dry bloodstain area for four out of the six velocities. The twist level for this calico was greater than for the calicos with a heavier or lighter mass per unit area. This reduced the amount of wicking which occurred along the yarns due to the tighter yarn structure. The calico with the heaviest mass per unit area had the highest yarn linear density resulting in a thicker fabric, so the blood could not as easily penetrate into the fabric. This resulted in a thicker wet blood layer remaining on the fabric surface, where it gradually wicked vertically into the yarns under gravity. Less wicking along the yarns occurred, resulting in a smaller bloodstain than on the fabric with the lightest mass per unit area. The correlation between impact velocity and mean dry bloodstain area was greater for the calicos with the medium and heaviest mass per unit area than for the calico with the lightest mass per unit area. For the calicos with the medium and heaviest mass per unit area, the distance the blood spread laterally at impact, which increased with the increase in impact velocity, had a greater influence on the dry bloodstain area than the amount of wicking.en_UK
dc.identifier.citationDicken L, Knock C, Beckett S, Carr DJ. (2019) The effect of fabric mass per unit area and blood impact velocity on bloodstain morphology. Forensic Science International. Volume 301, August 2019, pp.12-27en_UK
dc.identifier.cris23482571
dc.identifier.issn0379-0738
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.05.001
dc.identifier.urihttp://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/14184
dc.language.isoenen_UK
dc.publisherElsevieren_UK
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/*
dc.subjectBloodstain analysisen_UK
dc.subjectAbsorbent surfacesen_UK
dc.subjectYarn linear densityen_UK
dc.subjectMicro-computed tomographyen_UK
dc.subjectScanning electron microscopyen_UK
dc.subjectWickingen_UK
dc.titleThe effect of fabric mass per unit area and blood impact velocity on bloodstain morphologyen_UK
dc.typeArticleen_UK

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